Copinschi Georges
Laboratory of Physiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Essent Psychopharmacol. 2005;6(6):341-7.
Sleep deprivation has multiple effects on endocrine and metabolic function. In particular, sleep restriction is accompanied by increased cortisol levels in the afternoon and early evening and a shorter quiescent period compared with extended sleep periods. Those alterations could facilitate central and peripheral disturbances that are associated with glucocorticoid excess, such as memory deficits, and are similar to those observed in aging. Thus, chronic sleep loss could contribute to acceleration of the aging process. Sleep restriction is also associated with an impairment of carbohydrate tolerance, similar to that observed in individuals with clinically significant impaired glucose tolerance. Thus, chronic sleep deprivation may increase the risk for diabetes. Finally, sleep plays an important role in energy balance. Partial sleep deprivation was found to be associated with a decrease in plasma levels of leptin and a concomitant increase in plasma levels of ghrelin; subjective ratings of hunger and appetite also increased (the appetite for protein-rich foods was not significantly affected). Moreover, a remarkable correlation was found between the increase in hunger and the increase in the ghrelin:leptin ratio. Thus, the neuroendocrine regulation of appetite and food intake appears to be influenced by sleep duration, and sleep restriction may favor the development of obesity.
睡眠剥夺对内分泌和代谢功能有多种影响。特别是，与长时间睡眠相比，睡眠受限伴随着下午和傍晚皮质醇水平升高以及静息期缩短。这些改变可能会加剧与糖皮质激素过量相关的中枢和外周紊乱，如记忆缺陷，且与衰老过程中观察到的情况相似。因此，长期睡眠不足可能会加速衰老进程。睡眠受限还与糖耐量受损有关，类似于在临床上有明显糖耐量受损的个体中观察到的情况。因此，长期睡眠剥夺可能会增加患糖尿病的风险。最后，睡眠在能量平衡中起着重要作用。发现部分睡眠剥夺与血浆瘦素水平降低以及血浆胃饥饿素水平相应升高有关；饥饿和食欲的主观评分也增加了（对富含蛋白质食物的食欲没有受到显著影响）。此外，在饥饿增加与胃饥饿素：瘦素比值增加之间发现了显著相关性。因此，食欲和食物摄入的神经内分泌调节似乎受睡眠时间影响，睡眠受限可能有利于肥胖的发展。
