Leproult R, Copinschi G, Buxton O, Van Cauter E
Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Sleep. 1997 Oct;20(10):865-70.
Sleep curtailment constitutes an increasingly common condition in industrialized societies and is thought to affect mood and performance rather than physiological functions. There is no evidence for prolonged or delayed effects of sleep loss on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. We evaluated the effects of acute partial or total sleep deprivation on the nighttime and daytime profile of cortisol levels. Plasma cortisol profiles were determined during a 32-hour period (from 1800 hours on day 1 until 0200 hours on day 3) in normal young men submitted to three different protocols: normal sleep schedule (2300-0700 hours), partial sleep deprivation (0400-0800 hours), and total sleep deprivation. Alterations in cortisol levels could only be demonstrated in the evening following the night of sleep deprivation. After normal sleep, plasma cortisol levels over the 1800-2300-hour period were similar on days 1 and 2. After partial and total sleep deprivation, plasma cortisol levels over the 1800-2300-hour period were higher on day 2 than on day 1 (37 and 45% increases, p = 0.03 and 0.003, respectively), and the onset of the quiescent period of cortisol secretion was delayed by at least 1 hour. We conclude that even partial acute sleep loss delays the recovery of the HPA from early morning circadian stimulation and is thus likely to involve an alteration in negative glucocorticoid feedback regulation. Sleep loss could thus affect the resiliency of the stress response and may accelerate the development of metabolic and cognitive consequences of glucocorticoid excess.
在工业化社会中，睡眠减少是一种日益普遍的情况，人们认为它会影响情绪和表现，而非生理功能。没有证据表明睡眠缺失对下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺（HPA）轴有长期或延迟影响。我们评估了急性部分或完全睡眠剥夺对夜间和白天皮质醇水平变化的影响。在32小时期间（从第1天的18:00至第3天的02:00），对正常年轻男性采用三种不同方案测定血浆皮质醇变化：正常睡眠时间表（23:00 - 07:00）、部分睡眠剥夺（04:00 - 08:00）和完全睡眠剥夺。仅在睡眠剥夺后的晚上可证明皮质醇水平有变化。正常睡眠后，第1天和第2天18:00 - 23:00期间的血浆皮质醇水平相似。部分和完全睡眠剥夺后，第2天18:00 - 23:00期间的血浆皮质醇水平高于第1天（分别增加37%和45%，p分别为0.03和0.003），且皮质醇分泌静止期的开始至少延迟1小时。我们得出结论，即使是部分急性睡眠缺失也会延迟HPA轴从清晨昼夜节律刺激中的恢复，因此可能涉及负性糖皮质激素反馈调节的改变。睡眠缺失可能会影响应激反应的恢复能力，并可能加速糖皮质激素过量导致的代谢和认知后果的发展。
