Ramsey I Scott, Delling Markus, Clapham David E
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cardiovascular Department, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Annu Rev Physiol. 2006;68:619-47. doi: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.68.040204.100431.
The aim of this review is to provide a basic framework for understanding the function of mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, particularly as they have been elucidated in heterologous expression systems. Mammalian TRP channel proteins form six-transmembrane (6-TM) cation-permeable channels that may be grouped into six subfamilies on the basis of amino acid sequence homology (TRPC, TRPV, TRPM, TRPA, TRPP, and TRPML). Selected functional properties of TRP channels from each subfamily are summarized in this review. Although a single defining characteristic of TRP channel function has not yet emerged, TRP channels may be generally described as calcium-permeable cation channels with polymodal activation properties. By integrating multiple concomitant stimuli and coupling their activity to downstream cellular signal amplification via calcium permeation and membrane depolarization, TRP channels appear well adapted to function in cellular sensation. Our review of recent literature implicating TRP channels in neuronal growth cone steering suggests that TRPs may function more widely in cellular guidance and chemotaxis. The TRP channel gene family and its nomenclature, the encoded proteins and alternatively spliced variants, and the rapidly expanding pharmacology of TRP channels are summarized in online supplemental material.
本综述的目的是提供一个基本框架，以理解哺乳动物瞬时受体电位（TRP）通道的功能，特别是在异源表达系统中已阐明的功能。哺乳动物TRP通道蛋白形成六次跨膜（6-TM）的阳离子通透通道，根据氨基酸序列同源性可分为六个亚家族（TRPC、TRPV、TRPM、TRPA、TRPP和TRPML）。本综述总结了每个亚家族TRP通道的选定功能特性。尽管尚未出现TRP通道功能的单一决定性特征，但TRP通道通常可描述为具有多模态激活特性的钙通透阳离子通道。通过整合多种伴随刺激，并通过钙渗透和膜去极化将其活性与下游细胞信号放大偶联，TRP通道似乎非常适合在细胞感觉中发挥作用。我们对近期将TRP通道与神经元生长锥转向联系起来的文献综述表明，TRP通道可能在细胞导向和趋化作用中发挥更广泛的功能。TRP通道基因家族及其命名法、编码蛋白和可变剪接变体，以及TRP通道迅速扩展的药理学在在线补充材料中进行了总结。
