Flouris A D, Cheung S S
Environmental Ergonomics Laboratory, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, Nova Scotta, Canada.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2006 Mar;34(3):359-72. doi: 10.1007/s10439-005-9061-9. Epub 2006 Feb 7.
The use of protective clothing, whether in space suits, hazardous waste disposal, or sporting equipment, generally increases the risk of heat stress and hyperthermia by impairing the capacity for evaporative heat exchange from the body to the environment. To date the most efficient method of microclimate cooling underneath protective clothing has been via conductive heat exchange from circulating cooling fluid next to the skin. In order to make the use of liquid microclimate cooling systems ((LQ)MCSs) as portable and practical as possible, the physiological and biomedical engineering design goals should be towards maximizing the efficiency of cooling to maintain thermal comfort/neutrality with the least cooling possible to minimize coolant and power requirements. Meeting these conditions is an extremely complex task that requires designing for a plethora of different factors. The optimal fitting of the (LQ)MCSs, along with placement and design of tubing and control of cooling, appear to be key avenues towards maximizing efficiency of heat exchange. We review the history and major design constraints of (LQ)MCSs, the basic principles of human thermoregulation underneath protective clothing, and explore potential areas of research into tubing/fabric technology, coolant distribution, and control optimization that may enhance the efficiency of (LQ)MCSs.
防护服的使用，无论是在太空服、危险废物处理还是运动装备中，通常都会通过损害身体与环境之间的蒸发散热能力，增加热应激和体温过高的风险。迄今为止，防护服内微气候冷却的最有效方法是通过皮肤旁循环冷却液的传导热交换来实现。为了使液体微气候冷却系统（(LQ)MCSs）尽可能便于携带且实用，生理和生物医学工程设计目标应朝着最大限度提高冷却效率的方向发展，以最少的冷却量维持热舒适/热中性，从而将冷却液和功率需求降至最低。满足这些条件是一项极其复杂的任务，需要针对众多不同因素进行设计。(LQ)MCSs的最佳贴合度，以及管道的布置和设计以及冷却控制，似乎是提高热交换效率的关键途径。我们回顾了(LQ)MCSs的历史和主要设计限制、防护服下人体体温调节的基本原理，并探讨了管道/织物技术、冷却液分布和控制优化等潜在研究领域，这些领域可能会提高(LQ)MCSs的效率。
