Edwards Kathryn, Freeman David M
Division of Infectious Diseases, CCC-5323 Medical Center North, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37223, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2006 Feb;18(1):77-80. doi: 10.1097/01.mop.0000192520.48411.fa.
According to surveillance data provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the rates of pertussis disease in adolescents and adults have been increasing. This is likely due to increased recognition and waning vaccine-induced immunity.
The presentation of pertussis in adolescents and adults is generally a persistent cough, but more serious complications have been reported. In addition, adolescents and adults often serve as sources of pertussis infection in infants and young children.
Acellular pertussis vaccines combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids have proven to be well tolerated, immunogenic and effective in reducing pertussis disease in adolescents and adults. These vaccines are currently being recommended to replace the booster diphtheria and tetanus toxoid vaccines in adolescents. Recommendations for the use of these vaccines in adults are still being formulated.
根据美国疾病控制与预防中心提供的监测数据，青少年和成人百日咳发病率一直在上升。这可能是由于认识提高以及疫苗诱导的免疫力减弱所致。
青少年和成人百日咳的表现通常为持续性咳嗽，但也有更严重并发症的报告。此外，青少年和成人常是婴幼儿百日咳感染的传染源。
已证实，无细胞百日咳疫苗与白喉和破伤风类毒素联合使用耐受性良好、具有免疫原性且能有效降低青少年和成人的百日咳发病率。目前建议用这些疫苗替代青少年的白喉和破伤风类毒素加强疫苗。针对成人使用这些疫苗的建议仍在制定中。
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