Joseph Stephen, Linley P Alex
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2006 Dec;26(8):1041-53. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2005.12.006. Epub 2006 Feb 10.
A number of literatures and philosophies throughout human history have conveyed the idea that there is personal gain to be found in suffering, and it is an idea central to the existential-humanistic tradition of psychology. However, it is only relatively recently that the topic of growth following adversity has become the focus for empirical and theoretical work. In this paper, we review theoretical models of growth, and discuss the implications of growth for clinical practice. Three main theoretical perspectives are reviewed, the functional-descriptive model, the meta-theoretical person-centered perspective, and the biopsychosocial-evolutionary view. It is proposed that these three approaches to theory offer different but complementary levels of analysis, and that theoretical integration between them is possible. We then go on to explore the implications of this theoretical integration for clinical practice, and conclude with a consideration of the role of therapy in facilitating growth following adversity.
在人类历史上，许多文献和哲学思想都传达了这样一种观念，即苦难中能找到个人收获，这是心理学存在主义-人本主义传统的核心思想。然而，直到最近，逆境后的成长这一话题才成为实证和理论研究的焦点。在本文中，我们回顾了成长的理论模型，并讨论了成长对临床实践的意义。我们回顾了三种主要的理论视角，即功能描述模型、元理论的以人为本视角和生物心理社会-进化观点。本文提出，这三种理论方法提供了不同但互补的分析层面，并且它们之间的理论整合是可行的。然后我们继续探讨这种理论整合对临床实践的意义，并以思考治疗在促进逆境后成长中的作用作为总结。
