Ryan Jeffrey R, Mbui Jane, Rashid Juma R, Wasunna Monique K, Kirigi George, Magiri Charles, Kinoti Dedan, Ngumbi Phillip M, Martin Samuel K, Odera Shadrak O, Hochberg Lisa P, Bautista Christian T, Chan Adeline S T
Department of Entomology, Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Feb;74(2):308-17.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) seroprevalence in Kenya is unknown because of the lack of a practical and accurate diagnostic test or surveillance system. A novel serological assay was used to estimate the seroprevalence of Leishmania-specific antibodies, and Global Information System and spatial clustering techniques were applied to study the presence of spatial clusters in Parkarin and Loboi villages in Baringo District in 2001. VL seroprevalences were 52.5% in Parkarin and 16.9% in Loboi. Significant associations among seropositivity and house construction, age, and proximity to domestic animal enclosures were found. A significant spatial cluster of VL was found in Loboi. The spatial distribution of cases in the two villages was different with respect to risk factors, such as presence of domestic animals. This study suggests that disease control efforts could be focused on elimination of sand fly habitat, placement of domestic animal enclosures, and targeted use of insecticides.
由于缺乏实用且准确的诊断测试或监测系统，肯尼亚内脏利什曼病（VL）的血清流行率尚不清楚。一项新型血清学检测方法被用于估计利什曼原虫特异性抗体的血清流行率，并运用全球信息系统和空间聚类技术研究了2001年巴林戈区帕卡林村和洛博伊村空间聚集情况。帕卡林村的VL血清流行率为52.5%，洛博伊村为16.9%。研究发现血清阳性与房屋建筑、年龄以及与家畜围栏的距离之间存在显著关联。在洛博伊村发现了一个显著的VL空间聚集区。两个村庄病例的空间分布在诸如家畜存在等危险因素方面存在差异。这项研究表明，疾病控制工作可集中于消除白蛉栖息地、安置家畜围栏以及有针对性地使用杀虫剂。
