Chisholm Susan E, Reyburn Hugh T
Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK.
J Virol. 2006 Mar;80(5):2225-33. doi: 10.1128/JVI.80.5.2225-2233.2006.
Natural Killer (NK) cells are important in the immune response to a number of viruses; however, the mechanisms used by NK cells to discriminate between healthy and virus-infected cells are only beginning to be understood. Infection with vaccinia virus provokes a marked increase in the susceptibility of target cells to lysis by NK cells, and we show that recognition of the changes in the target cell induced by vaccinia virus infection depends on the natural cytotoxicity receptors NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46. Vaccinia virus infection does not induce expression of ligands for the activating NKG2D receptor, nor does downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules appear to be of critical importance for altered target cell susceptibility to NK cell lysis. The increased susceptibility to lysis by NK cells triggered upon poxvirus infection depends on a viral gene, or genes, transcribed early in the viral life cycle and present in multiple distinct orthopoxviruses. The more general implications of these data for the processes of innate immune recognition are discussed.
自然杀伤（NK）细胞在针对多种病毒的免疫反应中起着重要作用；然而，NK细胞区分健康细胞和病毒感染细胞所采用的机制才刚刚开始被了解。痘苗病毒感染会显著增加靶细胞对NK细胞裂解的敏感性，并且我们发现，对痘苗病毒感染诱导的靶细胞变化的识别依赖于天然细胞毒性受体NKp30、NKp44和NKp46。痘苗病毒感染不会诱导激活型NKG2D受体配体的表达，主要组织相容性复合体I类分子的下调对于靶细胞对NK细胞裂解敏感性的改变似乎也并非至关重要。痘病毒感染引发的NK细胞对裂解敏感性的增加依赖于一个或多个在病毒生命周期早期转录且存在于多种不同正痘病毒中的病毒基因。本文讨论了这些数据对固有免疫识别过程更广泛的意义。
