Alati Rosa, Al Mamun Abdullah, O'Callaghan Michael, Najman Jake M, Williams Gail M
Schools of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
Epidemiology. 2006 Mar;17(2):138-44. doi: 10.1097/01.ede.0000198148.02347.33.
Asthma in early childhood has been associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy and parental smoking soon after birth. However, less is known about these exposures and the development of asthma symptoms in adolescence.
Data were taken from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy, a large birth cohort study of mothers and children enrolled in Brisbane, Australia, beginning in 1981. Smoking was assessed at 2 stages during pregnancy and at the 6-month and 5-year follow-up visits. Asthma was assessed from maternal reports that were provided when the child was age 14 years. We conducted multivariable multinomial logistic regression analyses to assess the effect of maternal smoking on asthma symptoms.
There was a strong sex interaction such that girls whose mothers had smoked heavily (20 or more cigarettes per day) in pregnancy and at the 6-month follow up had increased odds of experiencing asthma symptoms at age 14 (odds ratio = 1.96; 95% confidence interval = 1.25-3.08). The contribution of heavy smoking during pregnancy appeared to be stronger than heavy smoking after the birth. No similar associations were seen for boys.
Female adolescents whose mothers smoked heavily during the fetal period and the early months of life have increased risk of asthma symptoms in adolescence. In utero exposure to heavy smoking was found to have a stronger effect than postnatal environmental tobacco exposure.
儿童期哮喘与孕期母亲吸烟及出生后父母吸烟有关。然而，对于这些暴露因素与青少年哮喘症状发展之间的关系，人们了解较少。
数据取自母胎大学孕期研究，这是一项始于1981年、针对澳大利亚布里斯班的母亲和儿童的大型出生队列研究。在孕期的两个阶段以及6个月和5年随访时评估吸烟情况。哮喘通过孩子14岁时母亲提供的报告进行评估。我们进行了多变量多项逻辑回归分析，以评估母亲吸烟对哮喘症状的影响。
存在强烈的性别交互作用，即母亲在孕期及6个月随访时大量吸烟（每天20支或更多）的女孩在14岁时出现哮喘症状的几率增加（优势比=1.96；95%置信区间=1.25-3.08）。孕期大量吸烟的影响似乎比出生后大量吸烟更强。男孩未观察到类似关联。
母亲在孕期及生命早期大量吸烟的女性青少年在青春期出现哮喘症状的风险增加。研究发现，子宫内暴露于大量吸烟比出生后暴露于环境烟草的影响更强。
