Gruber G, Winkler S, Pressl A
Graz University of Technology, Institute for Urban Water Management and Landscape Water Engineering, A - 8010 Graz, Stremayrgasse 10/I, Austria.
Water Sci Technol. 2005;52(12):215-23.
Different approaches for quantification of pollution loads discharged from combined sewer networks into surface water bodies have been observed over the last few years and decades, but a large number of unresolved problems still remain. Many monitoring campaigns have been based on manual or automated spot sampling - with the long known limitations of this method such as sampling errors and errors due to sample conservation, transport and preparation. On the other hand, only recently have sensors became available which are suitable for continuous application in sewer networks. A large number of practical problems still have to be solved before continuous monitoring in sewer networks will be successful. Additionally, most of the applicable sensors are based on surrogate methods which results in a considerable effort for reference measurements for sensor calibration. Finally, it has to be considered that, depending on the sewer network topography, deposition and remobilisation of pollutants varies considerably, which limits the generality of monitoring results and, subsequently, their applicability as a base for the design of storm water tanks or combined sewer overflows (CSO). A monitoring station for continuous monitoring of load discharges from a CSO has been installed and operated for more than one year. The design and equipment of the measurement station, operational experiences and results are given in this paper.
在过去几年乃至几十年间，人们观察到了多种用于量化从合流制排水管网排入地表水体的污染负荷的方法，但仍存在大量未解决的问题。许多监测活动基于手动或自动的定点采样——这种方法存在长期以来为人所知的局限性，比如采样误差以及因样品保存、运输和预处理而产生的误差。另一方面，直到最近才出现适用于在排水管网中持续应用的传感器。在排水管网中成功实现持续监测之前，仍有大量实际问题有待解决。此外，大多数适用的传感器基于替代方法，这导致传感器校准的参考测量工作相当繁重。最后，必须考虑到，根据排水管网的地形，污染物的沉积和再迁移差异很大，这限制了监测结果的通用性，进而限制了其作为雨水调蓄池或合流制排水系统溢流口（CSO）设计依据的适用性。已安装并运行了一个用于持续监测合流制排水系统溢流口污染负荷排放的监测站，本文介绍了该测量站的设计与设备、运行经验及结果。
