Blanton Hart, Jaccard James
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
Psychol Rev. 2006 Jan;113(1):155-69; discussion 170-80. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.113.1.155.
Theories that posit multiplicative relationships between variables are common in psychology. A. G. Greenwald et al. recently presented a theory that explicated relationships between group identification, group attitudes, and self-esteem. Their theory posits a multiplicative relationship between concepts when predicting a criterion variable. Greenwald et al. suggested analytic strategies to test their multiplicative model that researchers might assume are appropriate for testing multiplicative models more generally. The theory and analytic strategies of Greenwald et al. are used as a case study to show the strong measurement assumptions that underlie certain tests of multiplicative models. It is shown that the approach used by Greenwald et al. can lead to declarations of theoretical support when the theory is wrong as well as rejection of the theory when the theory is correct. A simple strategy for testing multiplicative models that makes weaker measurement assumptions than the strategy proposed by Greenwald et al. is suggested and discussed.
假设变量之间存在乘法关系的理论在心理学中很常见。A.G.格林沃尔德等人最近提出了一种理论，阐述了群体认同、群体态度和自尊之间的关系。他们的理论在预测一个标准变量时假设概念之间存在乘法关系。格林沃尔德等人提出了分析策略来检验他们的乘法模型，研究人员可能认为这些策略更普遍适用于检验乘法模型。格林沃尔德等人的理论和分析策略被用作案例研究，以展示某些乘法模型检验所基于的强有力的测量假设。结果表明，格林沃尔德等人使用的方法在理论错误时可能导致对理论支持的宣称，而在理论正确时可能导致对理论的拒绝。本文提出并讨论了一种检验乘法模型的简单策略，该策略所做的测量假设比格林沃尔德等人提出的策略更弱。
