Chmar Jacqueline E, Weaver Richard G, Valachovic Richard W
Center for Educational Policy and Research, American Dental Education Association, Washington DC 20005, USA.
J Dent Educ. 2006 Feb;70(2):188-98.
The number of vacant budgeted faculty positions in dental schools has continued to decline, dropping from 296 in 2003-04 to 275 in 2004-05. The number of lost positions declined to twenty-five, from 147 lost positions reported in 2003-04. While the average number of vacancies per dental school was just under five, three-quarters of these vacancies were considered usual and normal to the operation of the dental school. Based on ADEA's annual survey of dental educators, there was approximately a 9 percent faculty turnover between 2003-04 and 2004-05, and according to the 2003-04 and 2004-05 surveys of vacant faculty positions, it is taking longer to fill vacant positions. The greatest challenges influencing the ability of a school to fill a vacancy were salary/budget limitations and lack of response to a position announcement. Still, between 2003-04 and 2004-05, the number of dental school faculty increased from 11,348 to 11,715, including 4,736 full-time, 5,097 part-time, and 1,791 volunteer faculty members. Employment status was not reported for ninety-one individuals. Private practice remains the primary reason for faculty separations and the source of new faculty. In addition, nearly one in four new faculty members entered dental education directly following graduation from a dental or postdoctoral education program. While it may take longer to fill positions and it has become more difficult to fill some vacancies, overall, dental school deans indicated that the number of vacancies was not affecting the quality of dental education. However, between anticipated faculty retirements and current levels of faculty turnover, continued support for and development of faculty recruitment and retention programs remains essential to maintaining a quality dental education workforce.
牙科学院预算内的空缺教师职位数量持续下降，从2003 - 2004年的296个降至2004 - 2005年的275个。职位流失数量从2003 - 2004年报告的147个降至25个。虽然每所牙科学院的平均空缺职位数略低于5个，但其中四分之三的空缺被认为是牙科学院正常运作所常见和正常的。根据美国牙科教育协会对牙科教育工作者的年度调查，2003 - 2004年至2004 - 2005年期间教师流动率约为9%，并且根据2003 - 2004年和2004 - 2005年对空缺教师职位的调查，填补空缺职位所需的时间变长了。影响学校填补空缺能力的最大挑战是薪资/预算限制以及对职位公告的回应不足。尽管如此，2003 - 2004年至2004 - 2005年期间，牙科学院教师数量从11348人增加到11715人，其中包括4736名全职、5097名兼职和1791名志愿教师。有91人的就业状况未报告。私人执业仍然是教师离职的主要原因和新教师的来源。此外，近四分之一的新教师在完成牙科或博士后教育项目毕业后直接进入牙科教育领域。虽然填补职位可能需要更长时间，填补一些空缺也变得更加困难，但总体而言，牙科学院院长表示空缺数量并未影响牙科教育的质量。然而，考虑到预期的教师退休和当前的教师流动水平，持续支持和发展教师招聘与留用计划对于维持高质量的牙科教育师资队伍仍然至关重要。
