Savary Serge, Teng Paul S, Willocquet Laetitia, Nutter Forrest W
INRA, UMR Santé Végétale, BP81, Villenave d'Ornon 33883, France.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2006;44:89-112. doi: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.44.070505.143342.
This review considers the cascade of events that link injuries caused by plant pathogens on crop stands to possible (quantitative and qualitative) crop losses (damage), and to the resulting economic losses. To date, much research has focused on injury control to prevent this cascade of events from occurring. However, this cascade involves a complex succession of components and processes whereby knowledge on crop loss generates entry points for management. Proposed here is a framework linking different types of knowledge on crop loss to a range of decision categories, from tactical to strategic short- or long-term. Important advances in this field are now under way, including a probabilistic treatment of the injury-damage relationship, or analyses of the sources of uncertainty attached to some components of the decision process. Management of injury profiles, rather than individual injuries, and shifts in dimensionality of crop losses are anticipated to contribute to the design of sustainable agricultural systems, and address global issues concerning food security and food safety.
本综述探讨了一系列事件，这些事件将作物田块中植物病原体造成的伤害与可能的（数量和质量）作物损失（损害）以及由此产生的经济损失联系起来。迄今为止，许多研究都集中在伤害控制上，以防止这一系列事件的发生。然而，这一系列事件涉及复杂的连续组成部分和过程，其中关于作物损失的知识为管理提供了切入点。本文提出了一个框架，将关于作物损失的不同类型知识与一系列决策类别联系起来，从战术到战略的短期或长期决策。该领域目前正在取得重要进展，包括对伤害-损害关系进行概率处理，或分析决策过程某些组成部分所附带的不确定性来源。预计对伤害概况而非个别伤害的管理以及作物损失维度的转变将有助于可持续农业系统的设计，并解决有关粮食安全和食品安全的全球问题。
