CIRAD, UPR Bioagresseurs, 30501 Turrialba, Costa Rica; Bioagresseurs, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, 34090 Montpellier, France; email:
Program of Sustainable Agriculture and Agroforestry, Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), 30501 Turrialba, Costa Rica; email:
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2018 Aug 25;56:611-635. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-050117. Epub 2018 Jul 11.
Assessment of crop loss due to multiple diseases and pests (D&P) is a necessary step in designing sustainable crop management systems. Understanding the drivers of D&P development and yield loss helps identify leverage points for crop health management. Crop loss assessment is also necessary for the quantification of D&P regulation service to identify promising systems where ecosystem service provision is optimized. In perennial crops, assessment of crop losses due to D&P is difficult, as injuries can affect yield over years. In coffee, one of the first perennials in which crop loss trials were implemented, crop losses concurrent with injuries were found to be approximately 50% lower than lagged losses that originated following the death of productive branches due to D&P. Crop losses can be assessed by field trials and surveys, where yield reduction factors such as the number of productive branches that have died are quantified, and by modeling, where damage mechanisms for each injury are considered over several years.
评估多种病虫害（D&P）造成的作物损失是设计可持续作物管理系统的必要步骤。了解 D&P 发展和产量损失的驱动因素有助于确定作物健康管理的着力点。对 D&P 防治服务进行量化以确定提供生态系统服务最优化的有前景系统，也需要进行作物损失评估。在多年生作物中，由于病虫害造成的作物损失评估较为困难，因为伤害可能会影响多年的产量。在咖啡中，这是首批实施作物损失试验的多年生作物之一，研究发现，与滞后性损失相比，与伤害同时发生的作物损失大约低 50%，滞后性损失是由于 D&P 导致生产性树枝死亡而产生的。可以通过田间试验和调查评估作物损失，量化已死亡的生产性树枝数量等减产因素；也可以通过建模来评估，考虑多年来每种伤害的破坏机制。
