Hren Darko, Vujaklija Ana, Ivanisević Ranka, Knezević Josip, Marusić Matko, Marusić Ana
Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
Med Educ. 2006 Mar;40(3):269-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02391.x.
To investigate the relationship between psychological constructs related to professional and research integrity and moral reasoning among medical students.
Medical students, 2nd-year (n = 208, 85.6% of 243 enrolled students), answered the moral reasoning test-defining issues test 2 (DIT2) and the Machiavellianism and Paulhus socially desirable responding (SDR) scales.
Students had the highest score on the post-conventional schema of moral reasoning (mean +/- standard deviation, 35.2 +/- 11.6 of a possible 95) compared with personal interest (27.2 +/- 12.3) and maintaining norms schemae (29.2 +/- 11.5; P < 0.001, repeated-measures anova). Female students scored higher than their male collegues on post-conventional moral reasoning (37.6 +/- 11.0 versus 31.2 +/- 22.4, P < 0.001, independent-sample t-test). Of all 4 Machiavellianism subscales students scored highest on deceiving, where female students scored higher than their male colleagues (24.5 +/- 4.2 versus 22.9 +/- 5.1 of a possible 30; P = 0.037, independent-sample t-test). Female students also scored higher on the impression management subscale, whereas their male colleagues scored higher on the self-deception subscale of the Paulhus SDR scale. Moral reasoning scores were associated with cynicism, deceiving and flattering Machiavellianism scores, but not with Paulhus SDR scores. Multiple regression analysis showed the Machiavellianism amorality score as a significant negative predictor (beta = -0.183, P = 0.017) and female sex as a positive predictor (beta = 0.291, P < 0.001) for the post-conventional schema score on the DIT2. The Machiavellianism flattering score was a significant negative predictor for the personal interest schema score (beta = -0.215, P = 0.006).
Although moral reasoning is generally seen as independent of variables related to personality, our study indicated that Machiavellianism, especially its amorality and flattering subscales, were associated with moral reasoning. These results have important implications for teaching ethics and the responsible conduct of research in different cultural and socio-economic settings.
探讨与医学生职业和研究诚信相关的心理结构与道德推理之间的关系。
二年级医学生（n = 208，占243名注册学生的85.6%）参加了道德推理测试——界定问题测试2（DIT2）以及马基雅维利主义量表和保罗hus社会期望反应（SDR）量表。
与个人兴趣模式（27.2±12.3）和维持规范模式（29.2±11.5）相比，学生在道德推理的后习俗模式上得分最高（平均±标准差，可能的95分中为35.2±11.6）；P<0.001，重复测量方差分析）。在道德推理的后习俗模式上，女生得分高于男生（37.6±11.0对31.2±22.4，P<0.001，独立样本t检验）。在马基雅维利主义的所有4个分量表中，学生在欺骗分量表上得分最高，其中女生得分高于男生（可能的30分中为24.5±4.2对22.9±5.1；P = 0.037，独立样本t检验）。女生在印象管理分量表上得分也更高，而男生在保罗hus SDR量表的自我欺骗分量表上得分更高。道德推理得分与犬儒主义、欺骗性和谄媚性马基雅维利主义得分相关，但与保罗hus SDR得分无关。多元回归分析显示，马基雅维利主义的非道德得分是DIT2后习俗模式得分的显著负预测因子（β=-0.183，P = 0.017），女性性别是正预测因子（β = 0.291，P<0.001）。马基雅维利主义的谄媚得分是个人兴趣模式得分的显著负预测因子（β=-0.215，P = 0.006）。
尽管道德推理通常被视为与人格相关变量无关，但我们的研究表明，马基雅维利主义，尤其是其非道德和谄媚分量表，与道德推理相关。这些结果对不同文化和社会经济背景下的伦理教学和负责任的研究行为具有重要意义。
