吸烟、接触青石棉与肺癌和石棉沉着病的发病率
Smoking, exposure to crocidolite, and the incidence of lung cancer and asbestosis.
作者信息
de Klerk N H, Musk A W, Armstrong B K, Hobbs M S
机构信息
NH and MRC Unit of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Western Australia.
出版信息
Br J Ind Med. 1991 Jun;48(6):412-7. doi: 10.1136/oem.48.6.412.
In 1979 all former workers from the Wittenoom asbestos industry who could be traced to an address were sent a questionnaire to determine smoking history. Occupational exposure to crocidolite was known from employment records. Of 2928 questionnaires sent, satisfactory replies were received from 2400 men and 149 women. Eighty per cent of these had smoked at some time and 50% were still smoking. Since that time 40 cases of lung cancer and 66 cases of compensatable asbestosis have occurred in this cohort. The incidence of both lung cancer and asbestosis was greatest in those subjects with the highest levels of exposure to crocidolite and in ex-smokers. Statistical modelling of the joint effects of these exposures on the incidence of each disease indicated that crocidolite exposure multiplied the rates of lung cancer due to smoking and that smoking has no measurable effect on the rates of asbestosis. There was also some evidence that the incidence rate of lung cancer is falling with time.
1979年，所有能查到住址的原维特努姆石棉行业工人都收到了一份调查问卷，以确定其吸烟史。从就业记录中可知其职业性接触青石棉的情况。在寄出的2928份调查问卷中，收到了2400名男性和149名女性的满意答复。其中80%的人曾在某个时候吸烟，50%的人仍在吸烟。自那时以来，该队列中已发生40例肺癌和66例可获赔偿的石棉沉着病。肺癌和石棉沉着病的发病率在接触青石棉水平最高的人群和已戒烟者中最高。对这些暴露因素对每种疾病发病率的联合效应进行的统计建模表明，接触青石棉会使吸烟导致的肺癌发病率成倍增加，而吸烟对石棉沉着病的发病率没有可测量的影响。也有一些证据表明肺癌发病率随时间下降。
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