Taylor Anna N, Tio Delia L, Bando Jennifer K, Romeo Horacio E, Prolo Paolo
Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2006 Mar;30(3):438-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00048.x.
Hypothalamic synthesis and secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a putative mediator of various behavioral and physiological responses to ethanol (EtOH), is defective in inbred Lewis (LEW) rats in comparison with their genetically related inbred Fischer 344 (F344) and outbred Sprague-Dawley (S-D) strains. We aimed to characterize the effects of continuous EtOH consumption and withdrawal on circadian patterns of body temperature and spontaneous locomotor activity in males and females of these 3 strains.
Adult LEW, F344, and S-D males and randomly cycling females were fed an EtOH-containing liquid diet or the control (pair-fed or lab chow and water) diet for 14 days. Biotelemetric body temperature data for the last 3 days of EtOH diet feeding and the first 3 days of withdrawal were subjected to cosinor analysis of the circadian rhythm parameters of midline-estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR), amplitude, and acrophase. Mean dark-phase activity during these periods was also computed.
In the control diet condition, the MESORs and amplitudes of LEW males were lower than those of F344 males. MESORs of rhythms of LEW females were lower than those of both F344 and S-D females. Ethanol consumption caused hypothermia with reduced MESORs and amplitudes of LEW and F344 males and amplitudes of F344 and S-D females. Upon withdrawal, MESORs of the males increased during each day as the amplitudes decreased, reflective of their initial withdrawal-induced dark-phase hypothermia, which was most pronounced in the LEW males, followed by light-phase hyperthermia. MESORs of females were not affected by withdrawal; their amplitudes were differentially affected. Acrophase of LEW males shifted from dark to light on the first day of withdrawal. All rats responded to EtOH exposure with a reduction of dark-phase spontaneous locomotor activity and an immediate increase upon withdrawal.
Body temperature rhythms of the males were generally more affected by EtOH consumption and withdrawal than the females; within each sex, LEW and F344 rats differed significantly. The specific hormonal factors that mediate the differential temperature responses remain to be defined.
促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）由下丘脑合成与分泌，被认为是介导对乙醇（EtOH）产生各种行为和生理反应的介质。与遗传相关的近交系Fischer 344（F344）大鼠和远交系Sprague-Dawley（S-D）大鼠相比，近交系Lewis（LEW）大鼠中CRH存在缺陷。我们旨在描述持续摄入乙醇及其戒断对这3个品系雄性和雌性大鼠体温昼夜节律模式及自发运动活动的影响。
成年LEW、F344和S-D雄性大鼠以及随机处于发情周期的雌性大鼠，喂食含乙醇的液体饲料或对照饲料（配对喂食或实验室普通饲料及水）14天。对乙醇喂养的最后3天和戒断的前3天的生物遥测体温数据进行余弦分析，以确定节律中线估计统计量（MESOR）、振幅和峰相位的昼夜节律参数。还计算了这些时期的平均暗期活动。
在对照饲料条件下，LEW雄性大鼠的MESOR和振幅低于F344雄性大鼠。LEW雌性大鼠节律的MESOR低于Fü344和S-D雌性大鼠。摄入乙醇导致体温过低，LEW和F344雄性大鼠的MESOR和振幅以及F344和S-D雌性大鼠的振幅降低。戒断后，雄性大鼠的MESOR在每天都增加，同时振幅降低，这反映了它们最初戒断引起的暗期体温过低，在LEW雄性大鼠中最为明显，随后是明期体温过高。雌性大鼠的MESOR不受戒断影响；它们的振幅受到不同程度的影响。LEW雄性大鼠的峰相位在戒断第一天从暗期转移到明期。所有大鼠对乙醇暴露的反应都是暗期自发运动活动减少，戒断后立即增加。
雄性大鼠的体温节律通常比雌性大鼠更容易受到乙醇摄入及其戒断的影响；在每个性别中，LEW和F344大鼠存在显著差异。介导不同温度反应的特定激素因素仍有待确定。
