Ralevski Elizabeth, Gueorguieva Ralitza, Limoncelli Diana D, Husain Reema, Serrita Jane J, Petrakis Ismene
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2006 Mar;30(3):473-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00064.x.
This experiment was designed to compare gelatin "shots"-a new procedure for administering alcohol in a laboratory setting-to the alcohol beverage method. We proceeded to test whether the two methods were comparable in terms of alcohol absorption, metabolism, and effects on mood and whether gelatin "shots" were better than the beverage in disguising alcohol in a blind, placebo comparison.
Healthy volunteers participated in a two-phase trial. In the first phase they completed 2 days of testing during which the effects of alcohol-delivered in beverage (1 day) or gelatin "shots" (alternative day)-on blood and breathalyzer concentrations and mood were assessed. In the second phase participants completed 2 days of testing and were asked to identify if samples contained alcohol or placebo. The presentation of alcohol and placebo and the presentation of beverage or gelatin "shots" were random.
In the first phase there was a significant time-by-condition interaction in the blood alcohol concentration. Two-and-a-half hours after the alcohol was administered, those given gelatin "shots" had slightly lower but statistically significant blood alcohol concentrations. There was a significant time effect for breathalyzer alcohol levels but no condition or condition-by-time interaction. There were no differences between the two methods on any of the subjective mood measures. In the second phase of the study there were differences in the ability to differentiate alcohol from placebo between the two conditions with significantly more participants making errors in the gelatin "shots" than in the beverage condition.
Our findings indicate that gelatin "shots" are an effective method for delivering alcohol to humans in a laboratory setting. This method may be superior to the alcohol beverage mixture in a placebo-controlled design because gelatin "shots" mask the alcohol much better than a beverage and are easier to administer.
本实验旨在比较明胶“酒弹”（一种在实验室环境中饮用酒精的新方法）与酒精饮料法。我们进而测试这两种方法在酒精吸收、代谢以及对情绪的影响方面是否具有可比性，以及在盲法、安慰剂对照中，明胶“酒弹”在掩盖酒精味道方面是否优于饮料。
健康志愿者参与了一项两阶段试验。在第一阶段，他们完成为期2天的测试，在此期间评估以饮料形式（1天）或明胶“酒弹”形式（隔天）摄入酒精对血液和呼气酒精浓度以及情绪的影响。在第二阶段，参与者完成为期2天的测试，并被要求辨别样本中是含有酒精还是安慰剂。酒精和安慰剂的呈现以及饮料或明胶“酒弹”的呈现均是随机的。
在第一阶段，血液酒精浓度存在显著的时间×条件交互作用。在摄入酒精后两个半小时，摄入明胶“酒弹”者的血液酒精浓度略低，但具有统计学意义。呼气酒精水平存在显著的时间效应，但不存在条件效应或条件×时间交互作用。在任何主观情绪测量指标上，两种方法之间均无差异。在研究的第二阶段，两种条件下区分酒精和安慰剂的能力存在差异，与饮料条件相比，摄入明胶“酒弹”的参与者出现错误的人数显著更多。
我们的研究结果表明，明胶“酒弹”是在实验室环境中向人体输送酒精的一种有效方法。在安慰剂对照设计中，这种方法可能优于酒精饮料混合物，因为明胶“酒弹”比饮料更能有效掩盖酒精味道，且更易于服用。
