Mills J N, Ellis B A, McKee K T, Ksiazek T G, Oro J G, Maiztegui J I, Calderon G E, Peters C J, Childs J E
Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1991 Jun;44(6):589-97. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1991.44.589.
Small mammals were trapped during a 21-month period at 27 farm sites in 15 localities within and beyond the known endemic area for Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF). Prevalence of Junin virus (JV) was assessed by antigen-capture enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) on samples of body fluids and/or organs from 3, 282 captured rodents. Infection in rodent populations was variable (0-3.7%) among localities but, in all cases, was lower than previously reported rates. Overall prevalence was 1.4% in the AHF epidemic area, 0.6% in the historic (currently low incidence of AHF) area, and 0.4% in two localities beyond the previously defined endemic area. These low values underestimate the actual prevalence of JV, as ELISA validation by virus isolation indicated a sensitivity of 30% and a specificity of 99%. Of 37 positive rodents, 28 (76%) were of two species: Calomys musculinus (23 animals) and C. laucha (5 animals). Antigen also was found in three Akodon azarae, four Bolomys obscurus, one Mus musculus, and one Oxymycterus rufus, and JV was isolated from two Oligoryzomys flavescens. Three of these rodent species (B. obscurus, O. flavescens, and O. rufus) have heretofore not been implicated in JV maintenance in the field. Evidence suggests that the AHF endemic area may continue to expand northward.
在21个月的时间里，在阿根廷出血热（AHF）已知流行地区内外的15个地点的27个农场，诱捕了小型哺乳动物。通过抗原捕获酶免疫测定法（ELISA）对3282只捕获啮齿动物的体液和/或器官样本进行检测，评估胡宁病毒（JV）的流行情况。啮齿动物群体中的感染率在不同地点有所差异（0%-3.7%），但在所有情况下均低于先前报道的比率。在AHF流行地区总体感染率为1.4%，在历史上（目前AHF发病率较低）的地区为0.6%，在先前确定的流行地区以外的两个地点为0.4%。这些低值低估了JV的实际流行率，因为通过病毒分离对ELISA进行验证表明其灵敏度为30%，特异性为99%。在37只呈阳性的啮齿动物中，28只（76%）属于两个物种：小家鼠（23只）和拉氏稻鼠（5只）。在三只阿扎拉鼠、四只暗色稻鼠、一只小家鼠和一只红鼻鼠中也发现了抗原，并且从两只黄腹鼠中分离出了JV。这些啮齿动物物种中的三种（暗色稻鼠、黄腹鼠和红鼻鼠）此前在野外未曾被认为与JV的维持有关。有证据表明，AHF流行地区可能会继续向北扩展。
