Basta Paulo Cesar, Camacho Luiz Antonio Bastos
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhōes 1480, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-210, Brazil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2006 Feb;22(2):245-54. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x2006000200002. Epub 2006 Feb 20.
A systematic review was conducted on articles reporting tuberculin surveys to estimate the prevalence and annual risk of tuberculosis infection (ARI) in indigenous peoples of the Americas. MEDLINE and LILACS databases were searched using the following combination of descriptors: "tuberculosis", "South American Indians", "North American Indians", "tuberculin skin test", "PPD", "risk assessment", and "BCG vaccine". Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies published from 1974 to 2004 were selected if the outcome was Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection defined by tuberculin reactions > 5mm or > 10mm. From a total of 54 candidate studies generated with the descriptors, 16 were selected for review. Altogether, they comprised 13,186 individuals, 50% of whom were below 15 years of age. Estimates of prevalence of tuberculosis infection ranged from 0% to 93.4%, whereas the ARI ranged from 0% to 35.4%. Analysis of heterogeneity in environmental conditions and methods of infection assessment in the studies showed that the tuberculin test is useful for clinical decisions (e.g., to initiate chemoprophylaxis), and that tuberculin surveys are useful to assess tuberculosis control measures among indigenous peoples.
对报告结核菌素调查的文章进行了系统综述，以估计美洲原住民中结核病感染的患病率和年度风险（ARI）。使用以下描述符组合在MEDLINE和LILACS数据库中进行搜索：“结核病”、“南美印第安人”、“北美印第安人”、“结核菌素皮肤试验”、“PPD”、“风险评估”和“卡介苗”。如果结果是由结核菌素反应>5mm或>10mm定义的结核分枝杆菌感染，则选择1974年至2004年发表的纵向和横断面研究。在使用这些描述符生成的总共54项候选研究中，选择了16项进行综述。它们总共包括13186人，其中50%年龄在15岁以下。结核病感染患病率估计范围为0%至93.4%，而ARI范围为0%至35.4%。对研究中环境条件和感染评估方法的异质性分析表明，结核菌素试验有助于临床决策（例如，启动化学预防），并且结核菌素调查有助于评估原住民中的结核病控制措施。
