Jiang Yuhong, Song Joo-Hyun
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, WJH 820, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 2005 Oct;67(7):1128-39. doi: 10.3758/bf03193546.
Humans conduct visual search more efficiently when the same display is presented for a second time, showing learning of repeated spatial contexts. In this study, we investigate spatial context learning in two tasks: visual search and change detection. In both tasks, we ask whether subjects learn to associate the target with the entire spatial layout of a repeated display (configural learning) or with individual distractor locations (nonconfigural learning). We show that nonconfigural learning results from visual search tasks, but not from change detection tasks. Furthermore, a spatial layout acquired in visual search tasks does not enhance change detection on the same display, whereas a spatial layout acquired in change detection tasks moderately enhances visual search. We suggest that although spatial context learning occurs in multiple tasks, the content of learning is, in part, task specific.
当相同的显示再次呈现时，人类能够更高效地进行视觉搜索，这表明对重复空间环境的学习。在本研究中，我们在两个任务中研究空间环境学习：视觉搜索和变化检测。在这两个任务中，我们都询问受试者是学会将目标与重复显示的整个空间布局相关联（构型学习），还是与单个干扰物位置相关联（非构型学习）。我们发现，视觉搜索任务会产生非构型学习，而变化检测任务则不会。此外，在视觉搜索任务中获得的空间布局不会增强对同一显示的变化检测，而在变化检测任务中获得的空间布局会适度增强视觉搜索。我们认为，尽管空间环境学习发生在多个任务中，但学习内容在一定程度上是特定于任务的。
