Burnstock Geoffrey
Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London NW3 2PF, UK.
Pharmacol Rev. 2006 Mar;58(1):58-86. doi: 10.1124/pr.58.1.5.
The concept of a purinergic signaling system, using purine nucleotides and nucleosides as extracellular messengers, was first proposed over 30 years ago. After a brief introduction and update of purinoceptor subtypes, this article focuses on the diverse pathophysiological roles of purines and pyrimidines as signaling molecules. These molecules mediate short-term (acute) signaling functions in neurotransmission, mechanosensory transduction, secretion and vasodilatation, and long-term (chronic) signaling functions in cell proliferation, differentiation, and death involved in development and regeneration. Plasticity of purinoceptor expression in pathological conditions is frequently observed, including an increase in the purinergic component of autonomic cotransmission. Recent advances in therapies using purinergic-related drugs in a wide range of pathological conditions will be addressed with speculation on future developments in the field.
30多年前首次提出了嘌呤能信号系统的概念，该系统将嘌呤核苷酸和核苷用作细胞外信使。在对嘌呤受体亚型进行简要介绍和更新之后，本文重点关注嘌呤和嘧啶作为信号分子的多种病理生理作用。这些分子在神经传递、机械感觉转导、分泌和血管舒张中介导短期（急性）信号功能，在发育和再生所涉及的细胞增殖、分化和死亡中介导长期（慢性）信号功能。在病理条件下经常观察到嘌呤受体表达的可塑性，包括自主共传递中嘌呤能成分的增加。本文将探讨在广泛病理条件下使用嘌呤能相关药物治疗的最新进展，并对该领域的未来发展进行推测。
