Liu Jing-ling, Yang Zhi-feng
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Institute of Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2002 Apr;14(2):234-8.
The purpose of this paper is to present a brief concept of the ecological and environmental water demand of lake. The present situation and affecting factors of lake ecological system in the Haihe-Luanhe Basin of North China was analyzed. The calculating method of the ecological and environmental water demand of the lake basis on the water body and the calculating method of the ecological and environmental water demand of the lake basis on the aquatic ecosystem, wetland and vegetation were compared and discussed. As the examples of Baiyangdian Lake and Beidagang Lake in Haihe-Luanhe river basin, the ecological and environmental water demand of the two lakes was calculated to be 27 x 10(8) m3. It is 6.75 times to the water demand according to the calculating method of the ecological and environmental water demand of the lake basis on the water body. The research result indicated: (1) The calculating methods of the ecological and environmental water demand of the lake basis on the aquatic ecosystem should be better than only basis on the water body of lake. (2) The data, such as area of the vegetation kind around and in the lake, the vegetation coefficient, the evaporating amount of the vegetation and the vegetation water demand itself around and in the lake are lack and urgent need. Some suggestions for controlling and regulating the water resource of the lake in North China were proposed.
本文旨在简要介绍湖泊生态环境需水的概念。分析了华北地区海河流域滦河流域湖泊生态系统的现状及影响因素。比较并讨论了基于水体的湖泊生态环境需水量计算方法和基于水生生态系统、湿地及植被的湖泊生态环境需水量计算方法。以海河流域滦河流域的白洋淀和北大港湖为例，计算得出两湖的生态环境需水量为27×10⁸立方米。这是基于水体的湖泊生态环境需水量计算方法得出的需水量的6.75倍。研究结果表明：（1）基于水生生态系统的湖泊生态环境需水量计算方法应优于仅基于湖泊水体的方法。（2）湖泊周边及湖内植被种类面积、植被系数、植被蒸发量及植被自身需水量等数据匮乏，亟待补充。提出了一些华北地区湖泊水资源调控的建议。
