Lamers C T J, Bechara A, Rizzo M, Ramaekers J G
Experimental Psychopharmacology Unit, Department of Neurocognition, Brain and Behaviour Institute, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
J Psychopharmacol. 2006 Mar;20(2):302-11. doi: 10.1177/0269881106059495.
Repeated ecstasy (MDMA) use is reported to impair cognition and cause increased feelings of depression and anxiety. Yet, many relevant studies have failed to control for use of drugs other than MDMA, especially marijuana (THC). To address these confounding effects we compared behavioural performance of 11 MDMA/THC users, 15 THC users and 15 non-drug users matched for age and intellect. We tested the hypothesis that reported feelings of depression and anxiety and cognitive impairment (memory, executive function and decision making) are more severe in MDMA/THC users than in THC users. MDMA/THC users reported more intense feelings of depression and anxiety than THC users and non-drug users. Memory function was impaired in both groups of drug users. MDMA/THC users showed slower psychomotor speed and less mental flexibility than non-drug users. THC users exhibited less mental flexibility and performed worse on the decision making task compared to non-drug users but these functions were similar to those in MDMA/THC users. It was concluded that MDMA use is associated with increased feelings of depression and anxiety compared to THC users and non-drug users. THC users were impaired in some cognitive abilities to the same degree as MDMA/THC users, suggesting that some cognitive impairment attributed to MDMA is more likely due to concurrent THC use.
据报道，反复使用摇头丸（MDMA）会损害认知能力，并导致抑郁和焦虑情绪加剧。然而，许多相关研究未能控制除MDMA之外的其他药物的使用情况，尤其是大麻（THC）。为了解决这些混杂效应，我们比较了11名MDMA/THC使用者、15名THC使用者和15名年龄与智力匹配的非药物使用者的行为表现。我们检验了这样一个假设：与THC使用者相比，MDMA/THC使用者所报告的抑郁和焦虑情绪以及认知障碍（记忆、执行功能和决策）更为严重。MDMA/THC使用者报告的抑郁和焦虑情绪比THC使用者和非药物使用者更为强烈。两组吸毒者的记忆功能均受到损害。与非药物使用者相比，MDMA/THC使用者的心理运动速度较慢，心理灵活性较差。与非药物使用者相比，THC使用者的心理灵活性较差，在决策任务中的表现也较差，但这些功能与MDMA/THC使用者相似。研究得出的结论是，与THC使用者和非药物使用者相比，使用MDMA会导致抑郁和焦虑情绪加剧。THC使用者在某些认知能力方面的受损程度与MDMA/THC使用者相同，这表明一些归因于MDMA的认知障碍更可能是由于同时使用THC所致。
