Hoshi Rosa, Pratt Hannah, Mehta Sachin, Bond Alyson J, Curran H Valerie
Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, UK.
J Psychopharmacol. 2006 Mar;20(2):291-301. doi: 10.1177/0269881106060505.
The lowering of serotonin for a period following MDMA use could account for the increases in both self-rated and objective measures of aggression previously found in ecstasy users several days after taking the drug. There is some evidence of gender differences in the acute, sub-acute and long-term effects of MDMA use, and given that gender differences have been found in aggression, it is possible that men may experience more aggression mid-week than women. The aim of this study was to attempt to replicate findings showing increased bias towards aggressive material in ecstasy users several days after using the drug. In addition, to investigate possible gender differences in mid-week aggression. A total of 46 participants were tested: 19 ecstasy users and 27 controls were compared on the night of drug use and 4 days later. On day 4, a task designed to tap cognitive bias toward material with aggressive content was administered. Participants were required to process sentences that could be interpreted as either aggressive or neutral and subsequently remember them in a recognition test. This data set was then combined with the data from Curran et al.'s (2004) study that employed exactly the same procedure. Thus, the data from 107 participants was analysed to investigate gender differences. Ecstasy users recognized more aggressive sentences than controls and tended to react slower to neutral sentences than controls. Ecstasy users also rated themselves as being more aggressive and depressed than controls on day 4. No gender differences were found on any measure of aggression in the combined data set. Both male and female ecstasy users show a bias toward interpretation of ambiguous material in an aggressive manner when compared to controls 4 days after ecstasy use.
在使用摇头丸后的一段时间内血清素水平降低，这可能解释了之前在摇头丸使用者服药几天后自我报告的攻击性增加以及客观测量的攻击性增加的现象。有证据表明，使用摇头丸的急性、亚急性和长期影响存在性别差异，而且鉴于在攻击性方面已发现性别差异，有可能男性在一周中间时段比女性经历更多的攻击性。本研究的目的是试图重现这样的研究结果：在使用摇头丸几天后，摇头丸使用者对攻击性材料的偏向性增加。此外，调查一周中间时段攻击性可能存在的性别差异。总共对46名参与者进行了测试：在服药当晚以及4天后，对19名摇头丸使用者和27名对照组进行了比较。在第4天，实施了一项旨在挖掘对具有攻击性内容材料的认知偏向性的任务。参与者被要求处理可被解释为攻击性或中性的句子，随后在识别测试中记住这些句子。然后将该数据集与柯伦等人（2004年）采用完全相同程序的研究数据相结合。因此，对107名参与者的数据进行了分析，以调查性别差异。与对照组相比，摇头丸使用者识别出更多攻击性句子，并且对中性句子的反应往往比对照组更慢。在第4天，摇头丸使用者自我评定的攻击性和抑郁程度也高于对照组。在合并数据集中，未发现任何攻击性测量指标存在性别差异。与对照组相比，在使用摇头丸4天后，男性和女性摇头丸使用者在对模糊材料的解释上均表现出以攻击性方式的偏向。
