Neuhaus Christiane, Knösche Thomas R, Friederici Angela D
Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig; Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2006 Mar;18(3):472-93. doi: 10.1162/089892906775990642.
A neural correlate for phrase boundary perception in music has recently been identified in musicians. It is called music closure positive shift ("music CPS") and has an equivalent in the perception of speech ("language CPS"). The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of musical expertise and different phrase boundary markers on the music CPS, using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and event-related magnetic fields (ERFs). Musicians and nonmusicians were tested while listening to binary phrased melodies. ERPs and ERFs of both subject groups differed considerably from each other. Phrased melody versions evoked an electric CPS and a magnetic CPSm in musicians, but an early negativity and a less pronounced CPSm in nonmusicians, suggesting different perceptual strategies for both subject groups. Musicians seem to process musical phrases in a structured manner similar to language. Nonmusicians, in contrast, are thought to detect primarily discontinuity in the melodic input. Variations of acoustic cues in the vicinity of the phrase boundary reveal that the CPS is influenced by a number of parameters that are considered to indicate phrasing in melodies: pause length, length of the last tone preceding the pause, and harmonic function of this last tone. This is taken as evidence that the CPS mainly reflects higher cognitive processing of phrasing, rather than mere perception of pauses. Furthermore, results suggest that the ERP and MEG methods are sensitive to different aspects within phrase perception. For both subject groups, qualitatively different ERP components (CPS and early negativity) seem to reflect a top-down activation of general but different phrasing schemata, whereas quantitatively differing MEG signals appear to reflect gradual differences in the bottom-up processing of acoustic boundary markers.
最近在音乐家群体中发现了音乐中短语边界感知的一种神经关联。它被称为音乐闭合正相移（“音乐CPS”），在言语感知中也有类似现象（“语言CPS”）。本研究的目的是利用事件相关脑电位（ERP）和事件相关磁场（ERF），探究音乐专业技能和不同短语边界标记对音乐CPS的影响。在聆听二元短语旋律时对音乐家和非音乐家进行了测试。两个受试组的ERP和ERF有很大差异。短语旋律版本在音乐家中诱发了电CPS和磁CPSm，但在非音乐家中诱发了早期负相波和不太明显的CPSm，这表明两个受试组采用了不同的感知策略。音乐家似乎以类似于语言的结构化方式处理音乐短语。相比之下，非音乐家被认为主要检测旋律输入中的不连续性。短语边界附近声学线索的变化表明，CPS受到一些被认为可指示旋律中短语划分的参数的影响：停顿长度、停顿前最后一个音的长度以及这个最后一个音的和声功能。这被视为CPS主要反映短语划分的高级认知加工而非仅仅是停顿感知的证据。此外，结果表明ERP和MEG方法对短语感知中的不同方面敏感。对于两个受试组来说，定性上不同的ERP成分（CPS和早期负相波）似乎反映了一般但不同的短语划分模式的自上而下激活，而定量上不同的MEG信号似乎反映了声学边界标记自下而上加工中的逐渐差异。
