Seppänen M, Brattico E, Tervaniemi M
Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2007 Feb;87(2):236-47. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2006.08.011. Epub 2006 Oct 13.
Previous studies suggest that pre-attentive auditory processing of musicians differs depending on the strategies used in music practicing and performance. This study aimed at systematically revealing whether there are differences in auditory processing between musicians preferring and not-preferring aural strategies such as improvising, playing by ear, and rehearsing by listening to records. Participants were assigned to aural and non-aural groups according to how much they employ aural strategies, as determined by a questionnaire. The change-related mismatch negativity (MMN) component of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) was used to probe pre-attentive neural discrimination of simple sound features and melody-like patterns. Further, the musicians' behavioral accuracy in sound perception was tested with a discrimination task and the AMMA musicality test. The data indicate that practice strategies do not affect musicians' pre-attentive neural discrimination of changes in simple sound features but do modulate the speed of neural discrimination of interval and contour changes within melody-like patterns. Moreover, while the aural and non-aural groups did not differ in their initial neural accuracy for discriminating melody-like patterns, they differed after a focused training session. A correlation between behavioral and neural measures was also obtained. Taken together, these results suggest that auditory processing of musicians who prefer aural practice strategies differs in melodic contour and interval processing and perceptual learning, rather than in simple sound processing, in comparison to musicians preferring other practice strategies.
先前的研究表明，音乐家的前注意听觉加工因音乐练习和表演中所采用的策略不同而有所差异。本研究旨在系统地揭示偏好和不偏好诸如即兴创作、凭听觉演奏以及听唱片排练等听觉策略的音乐家在听觉加工方面是否存在差异。根据一份调查问卷所确定的使用听觉策略的程度，将参与者分为听觉组和非听觉组。事件相关脑电位（ERP）中与变化相关的失匹配负波（MMN）成分被用于探究对简单声音特征和类似旋律模式的前注意神经辨别。此外，通过辨别任务和AMMA音乐能力测试来检验音乐家在声音感知方面的行为准确性。数据表明，练习策略不会影响音乐家对简单声音特征变化的前注意神经辨别，但会调节对类似旋律模式内音程和轮廓变化的神经辨别速度。而且，虽然听觉组和非听觉组在辨别类似旋律模式的初始神经准确性上没有差异，但在经过一次集中训练后出现了差异。还获得了行为测量与神经测量之间的相关性。综上所述，这些结果表明，与偏好其他练习策略的音乐家相比，偏好听觉练习策略的音乐家在旋律轮廓、音程加工和知觉学习方面的听觉加工存在差异，而非在简单声音加工方面。
