Shaikh Mohammed Javeed, Decoster Mark A, McShane Michael J
Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA.
Langmuir. 2006 Mar 14;22(6):2738-46. doi: 10.1021/la0525473.
Micropatterns of different biomaterials with micro- and nanoscale features and defined spatial arrangement on a single substrate are useful tools for studying cellular-level interactions, and recent reports have highlighted the strong influence of scaffold compliance in determining cell behavior. In this paper, a simple yet versatile and precise patterning technique for the fabrication of interdigitated micropatterns of nanocomposite multilayer coatings on a single substrate is demonstrated through a combination of lithography and layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly processes, termed polymer surface micromachining (PSM). The first nanofilm pattern is constructed using lithography, followed by LbL multilayer assembly and lift-off, and the process is repeated with optical alignment to obtain interdigitated patterns on the same substrate. Thus, the method is analogous to surface micromachining, except that the deposition materials are polymers and biological materials that are used to produce multilayer nanocomposite structures. A key feature of the multilayers is the capability to tune properties such as stiffness by appropriate selection of materials, deposition conditions, and postdeposition treatments. Two- and four-component systems on glass coverslips are presented to demonstrate the versatility of the approach to construct precisely defined, homogeneous nanofilm patterns. In addition, an example of a complex system used as a testbed for in vitro cell adhesion and growth is provided: micropatterns of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)/poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (PSS/PLL) and secreted phospholipase A(2)/poly(ethyleneimine) (sPLA(2)/PEI) multilayers. The interdigitated square nanofilm array patterns were obtained on a single coverslip with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) as a cell-repellent background. Cell culture experiments show that cortical neurons respond and bind specifically to the sPLA(2) micropatterns in competition with PLL micropatterns. The fabrication and the initial biological results on the nanofilm micropatterns support the usefulness of this technique for use in studies aimed at elucidating important biological structure-function relationships, but the applicability of the fabrication method is much broader and may impact electronics, photonics, and chemical microsystems.
具有微米和纳米级特征且在单个基底上具有明确空间排列的不同生物材料微图案，是研究细胞水平相互作用的有用工具，最近的报告强调了支架顺应性在决定细胞行为方面的强大影响。在本文中，通过光刻和逐层（LbL）组装工艺相结合，展示了一种简单、通用且精确的图案化技术，用于在单个基底上制备纳米复合多层涂层的叉指状微图案，称为聚合物表面微加工（PSM）。首先使用光刻构建第一个纳米膜图案，然后进行LbL多层组装和剥离，并且通过光学对准重复该过程以在同一基底上获得叉指状图案。因此，该方法类似于表面微加工，不同之处在于沉积材料是用于制造多层纳米复合结构的聚合物和生物材料。多层膜的一个关键特性是能够通过适当选择材料、沉积条件和沉积后处理来调节诸如刚度等性质。展示了玻璃盖玻片上的二元和四元系统，以证明构建精确定义的均匀纳米膜图案方法的通用性。此外，提供了一个用作体外细胞粘附和生长测试平台的复杂系统示例：聚（4-苯乙烯磺酸钠）/聚-L-赖氨酸氢溴酸盐（PSS/PLL）和分泌型磷脂酶A(2)/聚乙烯亚胺（sPLA(2)/PEI）多层膜的微图案。以聚（二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵）（PDDA）作为细胞排斥背景，在单个盖玻片上获得了叉指状方形纳米膜阵列图案。细胞培养实验表明，皮质神经元在与PLL微图案竞争时对sPLA(2)微图案有特异性反应并结合。纳米膜微图案的制造和初步生物学结果支持了该技术在旨在阐明重要生物结构-功能关系的研究中的有用性，但该制造方法的适用性要广泛得多，可能会影响电子学、光子学和化学微系统。
