Weiss Jana, Päpke Olaf, Bergman Ake
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ambio. 2005 Dec;34(8):589-97. doi: 10.1639/0044-7447(2005)034[0589:awsopd]2.0.co;2.
The main source of human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is, in general, food. In this study, 64 butter samples from 37 countries were analyzed to assess the global contamination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and 2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) together with its major metabolites. The objectives of the study were to assess the presence of major organohalogen contaminants in butter, to trace geographical differences, and to determine toxic equivalents (TEQs) of PCDDs/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in butter. The highest PCDD/F concentrations were found in butter from Korea with an average of 1.4 pg TEQ g(-1) lipid weight (l.w.). from PCDD/F and an additional contribution from the non- and mono-ortho-PCBs of 0.55 pg TEQ g(-1) l.w. Belgian butter showed average levels of 0.53 and 1.2 pg TEQ g(-1) l.w. for PCDDs/Fs and PCBs, respectively, but one sample of Belgium butter had a total TEQ level as high as 4.0 pg TEQ g(-1) l.w. Three out of five butter samples from Portugal showed similarly high PCDD/F TEQ levels. The sigmaPCB levels in European butter appeared to be somewhat higher than in the samples from the rest of the world. The average contribution of CB-153 to the total PCB concentration was 22% (SD 6.4, coefficient of variation 29%). Generally, the PCBs contributed around 60% of the total TEQ value, with CB-126 contributing approximately half of this value. This shows the important TEQ contribution from dioxinlike PCBs to the total TEQs. The highest HCB levels were found in butter samples from Russia, Ukraine, Belgium, and Slovenia. Low levels of HCB in butter were generally found in the Southern Hemisphere. Butter samples from countries from Eastern Europe had elevated sigmaDDT concentrations, with a particularly high concentration in Ukraine butter, followed by some Russian samples, Brazil, and the U.S.
一般来说，人类接触持久性有机污染物（POPs）的主要来源是食物。在本研究中，分析了来自37个国家的64份黄油样品，以评估多氯二苯并 - 对 - 二恶英（PCDDs）、二苯并呋喃（PCDFs）、联苯（PCBs）、六氯苯（HCB）以及2,2 - 双（4 - 氯苯基）-1,1,1 - 三氯乙烷（DDT）及其主要代谢物的全球污染情况。该研究的目的是评估黄油中主要有机卤素污染物的存在情况，追踪地理差异，并确定黄油中PCDDs/Fs和类二恶英PCBs的毒性当量（TEQs）。在韩国黄油中发现的PCDD/F浓度最高，平均为1.4 pg TEQ g⁻¹脂质重量（l.w.）。来自PCDD/F以及非邻位和单邻位PCBs的额外贡献为0.55 pg TEQ g⁻¹ l.w.。比利时黄油中PCDDs/Fs和PCBs的平均水平分别为0.53和1.2 pg TEQ g⁻¹ l.w.，但一份比利时黄油样品的总TEQ水平高达4.0 pg TEQ g⁻¹ l.w.。来自葡萄牙的五份黄油样品中有三份显示出类似的高PCDD/F TEQ水平。欧洲黄油中的∑PCB水平似乎略高于世界其他地区的样品。CB - 153对总PCB浓度的平均贡献为22%（标准差6.4，变异系数29%）。一般来说，PCBs对总TEQ值的贡献约为60%，其中CB - 126约占该值的一半。这表明类二恶英PCBs对总TEQs有重要的TEQ贡献。在俄罗斯、乌克兰、比利时和斯洛文尼亚的黄油样品中发现了最高的HCB水平。在南半球的黄油中通常发现HCB水平较低。来自东欧国家的黄油样品中∑DDT浓度升高，乌克兰黄油中的浓度特别高，其次是一些俄罗斯样品、巴西和美国的样品。
