Kapilevich L V, Nosarev A V, Kovalev I V, Baskakov M B, D'iakova E Iu, Medvedev M A
Usp Fiziol Nauk. 2006 Jan-Mar;37(1):37-49.
Now sireos problem of pulmonology there are the diseases connected with infringement of coordinated regulation of a tone of smooth muscles of vessels and airways of ways that conducts to dissociation of parameters haemodinamyc and ventilation of lungs and as consequence, to infringement airwave-perfusion attitudes. In the review features humoral regulation contractile activity of smooth muscles of vessels of a small circle of blood circulation, a role of endocellular alarm systems in these mechanisms, and endothelium, as the local modulator endocrine functions are considered. Disgusting muscles of a small circle are distinguished from the main vessels of the big circle of blood circulation with predisposition to the raised mechanical pressure. In spite of the fact that endothelium renders modulating relaxe influence on contractile answers of smooth muscles of vessels of a venous and arterial small circle of blood circulation at action corresponding vasoconstriction, pulmonary veins are capable to endothelium-dependent dilatation to a lesser degree, in comparison with pulmonary arteries. And, on the contrary, in absence endothelium, they are characterized with high sensitivity to vasopression to substances--serotonin, histamine, phenylephrine. Features of regulation smooth muscle pressure pulmonary an artery are shown in contractile reactions of its isolated segments in reply to influence beta-adreno agonist--isoprotherenol and phosphoesterase inhibitors. Though, increase in endocellular concentration cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and\or cGMP), on the standard representations, cannot explain growth of a mechanical pressure of smooth muscles, apparently, in contractile reactions of a pulmonary artery to influence biologically and physiologically active substances interfere more complex mechanisms in which basis processes of interaction of smooth muscles cells lay, endothelium and cells of a microenvironment. Finding-out of the contribution cyclic nucleotides in these processes demands the further researches.
目前，肺病学中的西雷奥斯问题是，存在一些与血管和气道平滑肌张力协调调节受损相关的疾病，这会导致血液动力学参数与肺通气解离，进而导致气波 - 灌注关系受损。在这篇综述中，探讨了微循环血管平滑肌收缩活动的体液调节特征、细胞内警报系统在这些机制中的作用以及作为局部调节内分泌功能的内皮。微循环的平滑肌与体循环大血管的主要血管不同，更容易受到升高的机械压力影响。尽管内皮在相应血管收缩作用下对静脉和动脉微循环血管平滑肌的收缩反应具有调节性舒张影响，但与肺动脉相比，肺静脉对内皮依赖性扩张的能力较弱。相反，在没有内皮的情况下，它们对血管加压物质（如血清素、组胺、去氧肾上腺素）具有高度敏感性。肺动脉平滑肌压力调节的特征体现在其离体节段对β - 肾上腺素能激动剂（异丙肾上腺素）和磷酸二酯酶抑制剂的收缩反应中。然而，按照标准观点，细胞内环核苷酸（cAMP和/或cGMP）浓度的增加并不能解释平滑肌机械压力的增加，显然，肺动脉对生物和生理活性物质影响的收缩反应涉及更复杂的机制，其中平滑肌细胞、内皮和微环境细胞的相互作用过程是基础。确定环核苷酸在这些过程中的作用需要进一步研究。
