McKnight G S
Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1991 Apr;3(2):213-7. doi: 10.1016/0955-0674(91)90141-k.
Cells carefully regulate the generation and destruction of cAMP using diverse families of adenylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases. Genes for several cyclases have now been cloned, giving structural information about the enzymes and providing access to the remaining members of this family. A much larger family of phosphodiesterases has been uncovered and the regulatory properties of both the cyclases and phosphodiesterases provide diverse mechanisms to modulate intracellular cAMP. Most of the actions of cAMP are mediated through phosphorylation of substrates of the cAMP-dependent protein kinases. Recent progress has helped define the pathway between cAMP and the activation of gene transcription.
细胞利用多种腺苷酸环化酶和磷酸二酯酶家族，精确调控环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）的生成与降解。目前，几种环化酶的基因已被克隆，这为了解这些酶的结构提供了信息，也有助于探寻该家族的其他成员。现已发现了一个更为庞大的磷酸二酯酶家族，环化酶和磷酸二酯酶的调控特性为调节细胞内cAMP提供了多种机制。cAMP的大多数作用是通过依赖cAMP的蛋白激酶底物的磷酸化来介导的。最近的研究进展有助于明确cAMP与基因转录激活之间的途径。
