Emch Michael, Ali Mohammad, Acosta Camilo, Yunus Mohammad, Sack David A, Clemens John D
Department of Geography, Saunders Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3220 USA.
Health Place. 2007 Mar;13(1):238-48. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2006.01.005. Epub 2006 Mar 10.
This study tests whether the effect of a vaccine trial varies in space and why. Analytical z-score maps identify unusually high- and low-efficacy values in a trial area. Relationships between neighborhood efficacy and ecological variables are measured to explain why efficacy varies in space. Efficacy was found to vary regardless of neighborhood size and the variation is related to several ecological determinants. Local efficacy measures can help public health practitioners make better decisions about when and where to vaccinate populations. The concepts offered in this study are pertinent for any health intervention trial, not just vaccines.
本研究测试疫苗试验的效果在空间上是否存在差异以及原因。分析z分数图可识别试验区域内异常高和低的效力值。测量邻里效力与生态变量之间的关系，以解释效力在空间上为何存在差异。研究发现，无论邻里规模如何，效力都会有所不同，且这种差异与几个生态决定因素有关。局部效力测量有助于公共卫生从业者在何时何地对人群进行疫苗接种方面做出更好的决策。本研究中提出的概念适用于任何健康干预试验，而不仅仅是疫苗试验。
