Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Mar;63(3):1011-8. doi: 10.1128/aem.63.3.1011-1018.1997.
Determination of different indicators of microbial biomass, community structure, and bioactivity by the fumigation extraction method, as well as determination of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and their subfractions and the measurement of trace gases, respectively, provides valuable information about microbial succession in composting processes. The emission rates of carbon dioxide (CO(inf2)), methane (CH(inf4)), and nitrous oxide (N(inf2)O) increased successively during compost maturation: initially in the presence of easily degradable nutrients, during high temperature, and after the temperature had cooled down, respectively. The emission rate patterns of these trace gases corresponded to the concentrations of PLFAs and their particular subfractions. (i) Similar to the CO(inf2) emission rates, microbial biomass estimations by fumigation extraction and by determination of the amount of total PLFAs showed a discontinuous decrease during the composting process, with a slight increase at the end of the observation period. (ii) An increase in ether lipids, indicating the enhanced presence of archaean methanogens, and an elevated CH(inf4) emission were observed at the same time. (iii) The period of enhanced N(inf2)O emission corresponded to the increase in beta and omega hydroxy fatty acids derived from the outer membrane. Additionally, the continuous increase in branched-chain fatty acids suggested an increase in gram-positive bacteria and actinomycetes, and the decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids indicated a decrease in eukaryotic cells during the composting.
采用熏蒸提取法测定微生物生物量、群落结构和生物活性的不同指标，分别采用磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）及其亚组分和痕量气体测量法，为堆肥过程中微生物演替提供了有价值的信息。二氧化碳（CO（inf2））、甲烷（CH（inf4））和氧化亚氮（N（inf2）O）的排放率在堆肥成熟过程中依次增加：最初在易降解养分存在时，在高温时，以及在温度降低后。这些痕量气体的排放率模式与 PLFA 及其特定亚组分的浓度相对应。（i）与 CO（inf2）排放率相似，通过熏蒸提取和测定总 PLFA 量来估算微生物生物量，在堆肥过程中呈不连续下降趋势，在观察期结束时略有增加。（ii）醚脂的增加表明古菌产甲烷菌的存在增加，同时 CH（inf4）的排放也增加。（iii）增强的 N（inf2）O 排放期与源自外膜的β和ω羟基脂肪酸的增加相对应。此外，支链脂肪酸的持续增加表明革兰氏阳性菌和放线菌的增加，而多不饱和脂肪酸的减少表明堆肥过程中真核细胞的减少。
