McKenna Frank P, Horswill Mark S, Alexander Jane L
Department of Psychology, University of Reading, Reading, BRK, United Kingdom.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2006 Mar;12(1):1-10. doi: 10.1037/1076-898X.12.1.1.
Skill and risk taking are argued to be independent and to require different remedial programs. However, it is possible to contend that skill-based training could be associated with an increase, a decrease, or no change in risk-taking behavior. In 3 experiments, the authors examined the influence of a skill-based training program (hazard perception) on the risk-taking behavior of car drivers (using video-based driving simulations). Experiment 1 demonstrated a decrease in risk taking for novice drivers. In Experiment 2, the authors examined the possibilities that the skills training might operate through either a nonspecific reduction in risk taking or a specific improvement in hazard perception. Evidence supported the latter. These findings were replicated in a more ecological context in Experiment 3, which compared advanced and nonadvanced police drivers.
技能和冒险行为被认为是相互独立的，且需要不同的补救方案。然而，有可能认为基于技能的培训可能与冒险行为的增加、减少或没有变化相关联。在3项实验中，作者研究了基于技能的培训项目（危险感知）对汽车驾驶员冒险行为的影响（使用基于视频的驾驶模拟）。实验1表明新手驾驶员的冒险行为有所减少。在实验2中，作者研究了技能培训可能通过冒险行为的非特异性减少或危险感知的特异性改善来起作用的可能性。证据支持了后者。这些发现在实验3中得到了更符合实际情况的验证，实验3比较了经验丰富和经验不足的警察驾驶员。
