The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
Accid Anal Prev. 2010 Mar;42(2):558-70. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.09.024. Epub 2009 Oct 21.
As part of the effort to ascertain why young drivers are more at risk for car crashes, attention has recently turned to the effects of family, including the intergenerational transmission of driving styles from parents to offspring. The current study sought to further understanding of the nature and aspects of the family influence with the help of Bowen's family systems theory. In Phase 1 of the prospective study, 130 young driving students completed questionnaires tapping personal and personality measures, and their parents completed driving-related instruments. In Phase 2, a year after the young drivers had obtained their driver's license, they were administered the same questionnaires their parents had previously completed. The results show significant correlations between the parents' driving styles and those of their offspring a year after licensure. Furthermore, differentiation of self and self-efficacy in newly acquired driving skills were found to moderate or heighten the similarity between the driving styles of parents and their offspring. For young drivers reporting anxiety in Phase 1, this was associated with a reported anxious driving style a year later. Among young female drivers, anxiety was also associated with a reckless and careless style. Higher sensation seeking was related to higher reckless driving among young male drivers. The findings are discussed in the context of adolescence and the role of the study variables in the development and intergenerational transmission of driving styles. In addition to its theoretical contribution to the realms of intergenerational transmission in general, and young drivers in particular, the study may have practical implications for both family therapy and the design of driving interventions.
作为确定为什么年轻司机更易发生车祸的努力的一部分，最近的注意力转向了家庭的影响，包括父母向子女传递驾驶风格的代际传递。本研究旨在借助鲍文的家庭系统理论，进一步了解家庭影响的性质和方面。在前瞻性研究的第 1 阶段，130 名年轻驾驶学员完成了个人和人格测量问卷，他们的父母则完成了与驾驶相关的工具。在第 2 阶段，在年轻司机获得驾照一年后，他们接受了与父母之前完成的相同问卷。结果表明，父母的驾驶风格与获得驾照一年后子女的驾驶风格之间存在显著相关性。此外，自我分化和新获得的驾驶技能的自我效能感被发现可以调节或增强父母和子女驾驶风格的相似性。在第 1 阶段报告焦虑的年轻司机中，这与一年后报告的焦虑驾驶风格有关。在年轻女司机中，焦虑也与鲁莽和粗心的驾驶风格有关。较高的感觉寻求与年轻男性司机的鲁莽驾驶有关。研究结果在青少年的背景下进行了讨论，并讨论了研究变量在驾驶风格的发展和代际传递中的作用。除了对一般代际传递领域，特别是对年轻司机领域的理论贡献外，该研究还可能对家庭治疗和驾驶干预措施的设计具有实际意义。
