Barak A V, Wang Y, Xu L, Rong Z, Hang X, Zhan G
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Pest Survey, Detection, and Exclusion Laboratory, Bldg. 1398, Otis ANGB, MA 02542-5008, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2005 Dec;98(6):1911-6. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-98.6.1911.
Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), has recently (since 1996) established in limited infestations near several cities in the United States. A. glabripennis was probably introduced into the United States with solid wood packing or dunnage. During 2001, we evaluated the current APHIS Schedule T404-b-1-1 for methyl bromide (MeBr) fumigation. Fumigations were conducted in 432-liter Lexan chambers inside a 6.1-m refrigerated container. Each fumigation consisted of 12 high-moisture, naturally infested Populus spp. timbers. We fumigated wood for 24 h at 4.4 degrees C (80 g/m3), 10.0 degrees C (64 g/m3), 15.6 degrees C (56 g/m3), and 21.1 degrees C (48 g/m3). All schedule doses resulted in 100% kill of A. glabripennis larvae. During 2002, we conducted additional fumigations to determine the basic toxicity of MeBr to A. glabripennis larvae in solid wood timbers of 10 by 10 by 115-cm size. Probit analysis estimated the CxT product at 99.0, 99.9, 99.99, and 99.99683% kill (probit-9). The probit-9 values for CxT were 1,196.1, 918.7, 642.4, and 362.4 g-h/m3 at 4.4, 10.0, 15.6, and 21.1 degrees C, respectively. Applied doses to achieve this level of control were estimated to be 119.6, 82.7, 56.0, and 32.2 g/m3, respectively. These applied doses are satisfactory for wood as a commodity with wood load factors of approximately 25% and may be higher than necessary for container fumigation where sorptive wood load as crating or pallets may only be 5% or less. The APHIS Schedule T404-b-1-1 is adequate if extended for 24 h and should be amended to include intermediate doses at 10.0 and 15.6 degrees C, thus reducing the use of MeBr at these temperatures.
光肩星天牛（Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)）最近（自1996年起）在美国几个城市附近有限的区域内定殖。光肩星天牛很可能是随实木包装或垫木传入美国的。2001年，我们评估了美国动植物卫生检验局（APHIS）现行的T404-b-1-1号甲基溴熏蒸规程。熏蒸在一个6.1米的冷藏集装箱内的432升聚碳酸酯试验箱中进行。每次熏蒸由12根高湿度、自然带虫的杨属木材组成。我们在4.4℃（80克/立方米）、10.0℃（64克/立方米）、15.6℃（56克/立方米）和21.1℃（48克/立方米）下对木材熏蒸24小时。所有规程剂量均导致光肩星天牛幼虫100%死亡。2002年，我们进行了额外的熏蒸试验，以确定甲基溴对尺寸为10×10×115厘米的实木木材中光肩星天牛幼虫的基本毒性。概率分析估计在99.0%、99.9%、99.99%和99.99683%死亡率（概率-9）时的CxT乘积。在4.4℃、10.0℃、15.6℃和21.1℃下，概率-9时的CxT值分别为1196.1、918.7、642.4和362.4克·小时/立方米。达到该控制水平所需的施用量估计分别为119.6、82.7、56.0和32.2克/立方米。对于木材装载系数约为25%的商品木材，这些施用量是令人满意的，而对于集装箱熏蒸，其中作为板条箱或托盘的吸附性木材装载量可能仅为5%或更低时，这些施用量可能高于必要水平。如果将美国动植物卫生检验局的T404-b-1-1号规程延长24小时是足够的，并且应进行修订以包括10.0℃和15.6℃下的中间剂量，从而减少这些温度下甲基溴的使用量。
