Barak Alan V, Weidong Yang, Daojian Yu, Yi Jiao, Lin Kang, Zhilin Chen, Xingyuan Ling, Guoping Zhan
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Pest Survey, Detection and Exclusion Laboratory, Building 1398, Otis ANGB, MA 02542-5008, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2009 Jun;102(3):913-20. doi: 10.1603/029.102.0308.
At least 26 different species of insects of quarantine significance were intercepted from 1985 to 2005 on bamboo (Bambusa spp.) garden stakes from China. Three fifths of the live insects were cerambycids in nine genera, including Chlorophorus annularis F., the bamboo borer. The current APHIS-PPQ treatment is fumigation schedule T404-d, which requires high doses of methyl bromide (MeBr) for 24 h. No specific fumigation data exist for C. annularis. Chinese and American quarantine scientists cooperated in testing to determine whether this schedule, or lower doses, would be effective as a quarantine treatment for C. annularis infesting dried bamboo poles. A lower dose based on APHIS tests for solid wood packing (SWP) failed (3/511 survivors) at 56 g/m3 for 24 h at 10.0 degrees C. We therefore tested five progressive doses at five temperatures intermediate between the lower SWP schedule and the much higher applied doses (e.g., 120 g/m3 for 24 h at 10.0 degrees C) of schedule T404-d. Fumigations of infested bamboo poles conducted in 403.2-liter chambers with 52% vol:vol loading at doses of 48, 64, 80, 96, and 112 g/m3 at 26.7, 21.1, 15.6, 10.0, and 4.4 degrees C, respectively (20 total replicates, with 4 replicates per dose), had no survivors among 2,847 larvae, 140 pupae, and 122 adults. Control replicates (three) had a total of 455 live stages (397 larvae, 31 pupae, and 27 adults). Tests conducted with a sea/land cargo container loaded to 80% capacity with bamboo poles verified the ability of the schedule to maintain effective concentrations over 24 h in commercial-sized fumigations. We propose a new bamboo quarantine treatment schedule at reduced rates of applied MeBr.
1985年至2005年期间，从中国的竹（Bambusa spp.）园艺桩上截获了至少26种具有检疫重要性的不同昆虫物种。五分之三的活昆虫是九个属的天牛科昆虫，包括竹蠹（Chlorophorus annularis F.）。美国动植物卫生检验局植物保护和检疫处目前的处理方法是熏蒸时间表T404-d，该方法需要高剂量的甲基溴（MeBr）熏蒸24小时。目前尚无针对竹蠹的具体熏蒸数据。中美两国的检疫科学家合作进行测试，以确定该时间表或更低剂量是否能有效用于处理受竹蠹侵染的干燥竹竿的检疫处理。基于美国动植物卫生检验局对实木包装（SWP）的测试结果，较低剂量（56克/立方米，在10.0摄氏度下熏蒸24小时）失败了（511只中有3只存活）。因此，我们在较低的SWP时间表和高得多的应用剂量（例如，在10.0摄氏度下120克/立方米熏蒸24小时）的T404-d之间的五个温度下测试了五个递增剂量。在403.2升的试验箱中对受侵染的竹竿进行熏蒸，装载量为52%（体积比），剂量分别为48、64、80、96和112克/立方米，温度分别为26.7、21.1、15.6、10.0和4.4摄氏度（共20次重复，每个剂量4次重复），在2847只幼虫、140只蛹和122只成虫中均未发现存活个体。对照重复试验（3次）共有455个存活阶段（397只幼虫、31只蛹和27只成虫）。在一个装载量达到80%的海/陆货运集装箱中对竹竿进行的测试验证了该时间表在商业规模熏蒸中保持24小时有效浓度的能力。我们提出了一种降低甲基溴应用速率的新的竹子检疫处理时间表。
