Fergusson David M, Boden Joseph M, Horwood L John
Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Addiction. 2006 Apr;101(4):556-69. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01322.x.
To examine the associations between the frequency of cannabis use and the use of other illicit drugs.
A 25-year longitudinal study of the health, development and adjustment of a birth cohort of 1,265 New Zealand children.
Annual assessments of the frequency of cannabis use were obtained for the period 14-25 years, together with measures of the use of other illicit drugs from the same time period.
The frequency of cannabis use was associated significantly with the use of other illicit drugs, other illicit drug abuse/dependence and the use of a diversity of other drugs. This association was found to be particularly strong during adolescence but declined rapidly as age increased. Statistical control for confounding by both fixed and time dynamic factors using random- and fixed-effects regression models reduced the strength of association between frequency of cannabis use and other illicit drug use, but a strong association between frequency of cannabis use and other illicit drug use remained even after control for non-observed and time-dynamic sources of confounding.
Regular or heavy cannabis use was associated with an increased risk of using other illicit drugs, abusing or becoming dependent upon other illicit drugs, and using a wider variety of other illicit drugs. The risks of use, abuse/dependence, and use of a diversity of other drugs declined with increasing age. The findings may support a general causal model such as the cannabis gateway hypothesis, but the actual causal mechanisms underlying such a gateway, and the extent to which these causal mechanisms are direct or indirect, remain unclear.
研究大麻使用频率与其他非法药物使用之间的关联。
对1265名新西兰儿童出生队列的健康、发育和适应情况进行为期25年的纵向研究。
获取了14至25岁期间大麻使用频率的年度评估数据，以及同一时期其他非法药物使用情况的测量数据。
大麻使用频率与其他非法药物的使用、其他非法药物滥用/依赖以及多种其他药物的使用显著相关。这种关联在青春期尤为强烈，但随着年龄增长迅速下降。使用随机效应和固定效应回归模型对固定因素和时间动态因素的混杂进行统计控制后，大麻使用频率与其他非法药物使用之间的关联强度有所降低，但即使在控制了未观察到的和时间动态的混杂因素后，大麻使用频率与其他非法药物使用之间仍存在很强的关联。
经常或大量使用大麻与使用其他非法药物、滥用或依赖其他非法药物以及使用更多种类其他非法药物的风险增加有关。使用、滥用/依赖以及使用多种其他药物的风险随着年龄增长而下降。这些发现可能支持一种一般的因果模型，如大麻入门假说，但这种入门背后的实际因果机制以及这些因果机制是直接还是间接的程度仍不清楚。
