Ding Yun-Hong, Ding Yuchuan, Li Jie, Bessert Denise A, Rafols José A
Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA.
Neurol Res. 2006 Mar;28(2):184-9. doi: 10.1179/016164106X98053.
Increasing evidence indicates that physical activity reduces brain damage after stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise-induced neuroprotection is associated with improved brain integrity in stroke. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (3 months old, n=38) exercised on a treadmill, which required repetitive locomotor movement, for 30 minutes each day for 3 weeks. Then, using an intraluminal filament, stroke was induced by either 2 hours middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion followed by 24 or 48 hours of reperfusion. Brain damage was determined by evaluating brain infarction and brain edema, as well as ultrastructural alteration in endothelial-matrix-astrocyte interfaces.Pre-ischemic motor exercise significantly (p<0.01) reduced infarct volume in the frontoparietal cortex and the dorsolateral striatum by 79%. By comparing the percentage difference in brain volume between the right (stroke site) and left hemispheres, we demonstrated a significant (p<0.01) reduction in brain edema associated with reduced infarct volume in a 3 week exercise group (Group 1, n=10) and a 3 week exercise plus 3 week rest group (Group 2, n=10). Edema in cortex and striatum was 19 +/- 4% without exercise pre-conditioning (n=10), in contrast to 5 +/- 3% (Group 1) or 6 +/- 4% (Group 2). The thickness of the basal lamina was enhanced by exercise. In ischemic rats without pre-exercise, alterations in microvessel ultrastructure with decreased luminal area, parenchymal edema and swollen astrocyte end-feet, as well as an abnormally thin basal lamina were observed. In contrast, exercise pre-conditioning significantly reduced the ischemic alterations, decreasing brain edema and increasing basal lamina thickness. This study suggests that exercise pre-conditioning reduces brain injury by decreasing cerebral permeability and enhancing brain integrity after stroke. This exercise-induced endogenous neuroprotection could be an effective strategy to ameliorate ischemic brain injury from stroke.
越来越多的证据表明，体育活动可减轻中风后的脑损伤。本研究的目的是确定运动诱导的神经保护是否与中风后改善脑完整性有关。成年雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠（3个月大，n = 38）在跑步机上进行运动，该运动需要重复性的运动，每天30分钟，持续3周。然后，使用腔内细丝，通过大脑中动脉（MCA）闭塞2小时，随后再灌注24或48小时来诱导中风。通过评估脑梗死、脑水肿以及内皮-基质-星形胶质细胞界面的超微结构改变来确定脑损伤。缺血前的运动显著（p<0.01）降低了额顶叶皮质和背外侧纹状体的梗死体积79%。通过比较右（中风部位）左半球之间脑体积的百分比差异，我们发现在3周运动组（第1组，n = 10）和3周运动加3周休息组（第2组，n = 10）中，与梗死体积减少相关的脑水肿显著（p<0.01）减少。未经运动预处理时，皮质和纹状体的水肿为19±4%（n = 10），相比之下，第1组为5±3%，第2组为6±4%。运动可增加基膜厚度。在未进行运动预处理的缺血大鼠中，观察到微血管超微结构的改变，管腔面积减小、实质水肿和星形胶质细胞终足肿胀，以及基膜异常变薄。相比之下，运动预处理显著减少了缺血性改变，减轻了脑水肿并增加了基膜厚度。本研究表明，运动预处理通过降低脑通透性和增强中风后脑的完整性来减轻脑损伤。这种运动诱导的内源性神经保护可能是改善中风缺血性脑损伤的有效策略。
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