Karadag Mevlüde, Gümüskaya Necla
Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
J Clin Nurs. 2006 Apr;15(4):413-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01369.x.
This research was conducted for the purpose of determining the incidence of surgery-related pressure ulcer formation.
Patients undergoing surgery are prone to develop pressure ulcers during surgery. Pressure ulcer incidence in surgery population is reported between 3.5% and 29.5%. Some of these factors that occur during surgery are being under pressure for a long time, remaining wet, and metabolic and circulatory changes related to the surgery and anaesthesia.
The research was conducted as a prospective-analytic-descriptive study with 84 patients who agreed to participate in the study and who were 20 years old or older, having elective surgery, having a surgical procedure lasting two or more hours under general anaesthesia, and who had no risk for pressure ulcer development before surgery according to the Braden Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale. Research data were obtained using a Data Collection Form that has places for pre-, intra- and postoperative factors that may be related to surgery-related pressure ulcer development; a Body Mass Index Data Form and the Braden Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale. The Braden Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale was used to determine that patients had no risk for pressure ulcer development pre- and postoperatively and it was used for the purpose of establishing the patients risk status and areas at risk. Patients were monitored for pressure ulcers until the sixth postoperative day and risk status and areas at risk were determined. Data obtained in the research were analysed using percentage, chi-squared, McNemar and Cohen's Kappa tests for reliability between dependent groups.
At the conclusion of the research, the findings obtained showed that 54.8% of the patients (n = 46) were observed to have Stage 1 pressure ulcers. A total of 41.3% of the patients had pressure ulcers in more than one region and 56.5% of these were of the erythema type. During the six-day postoperative monitoring, 97.9% of the pressure ulcers were observed in the first three days.
The study made clear that surgery-related pressure ulcers are an important problem.
(i) Determining the incidence of pressure ulcers during surgery in Turkey; (ii) For nurses to be able to prevent surgery-related pressure ulcers, it is necessary for them to direct their care by knowing factors that have a role in the development of pressure ulcers during surgery therefore this study will be to call Turkish nurse's attention to pressure ulcers during surgery.
本研究旨在确定手术相关压疮形成的发生率。
接受手术的患者在手术过程中容易发生压疮。据报道，手术人群中压疮的发生率在3.5%至29.5%之间。手术过程中出现的一些因素包括长时间受压、保持潮湿以及与手术和麻醉相关的代谢和循环变化。
本研究采用前瞻性分析描述性研究方法，研究对象为84例同意参与研究的患者，年龄在20岁及以上，接受择期手术，在全身麻醉下进行持续两小时或更长时间的手术操作，且根据Braden压疮风险评估量表，术前无压疮发生风险。研究数据通过一份数据收集表获得，该表设有术前、术中和术后可能与手术相关压疮发生有关的因素的填写位置；一份体重指数数据表和Braden压疮风险评估量表。Braden压疮风险评估量表用于确定患者术前和术后无压疮发生风险，并用于确定患者的风险状态和风险区域。对患者进行压疮监测直至术后第六天，并确定风险状态和风险区域。研究中获得的数据使用百分比、卡方检验、McNemar检验和Cohen's Kappa检验进行分析，以评估相关组之间的可靠性。
在研究结束时，获得的结果显示，54.8%的患者（n = 46）被观察到患有1期压疮。共有41.3%的患者在多个区域发生压疮，其中56.5%为红斑型。在术后六天的监测中，97.9%的压疮在头三天被观察到。
该研究明确表明手术相关压疮是一个重要问题。
（i）确定土耳其手术期间压疮的发生率；（ii）对于护士来说，要能够预防手术相关压疮，他们需要通过了解在手术期间压疮发生中起作用的因素来指导护理，因此本研究将引起土耳其护士对手术期间压疮的关注。
