University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
J Athl Train. 2001 Oct;36(4):420-4.
The ma huang herb, otherwise known as ephedra, has gained widespread popularity as an ergogenic supplement. With the sympathomimetic alkaloid ephedrine as its primary active ingredient, ma huang is marketed to reduce fatigue; increase strength, power, and speed; decrease reaction time; and improve body composition. Although numerous side effects have been associated with the use of ma huang, its popularity in athletes continues to grow. This review provides rationale for the ergogenic claims regarding ma huang and compares and contrasts those claims with data from scientifically controlled investigations.
MEDLINE and SPORT Discus were searched from 1970 to 2000 using the key words ma huang, ephedra, and ephedrine in combination with humans, exercise, performance, and side effects.
Ephedrine has been used alone or in combination with other drugs as an effective weight-loss agent. The weight loss has been attributed to thermogenic and lipolytic effects which, in combination with the central nervous system stimulating effects, have also resulted in its use as an ergogenic aid. Most of the scientific data, however, do not support manufacturers' ergogenic claims, and numerous side effects have been associated with ephedrine use. Thus, the safety and efficacy of ma huang as an ergogenic supplement must be questioned.
CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS: It appears that the risks associated with the use of ma huang far outweigh any possible ergogenic benefits. Thus, it is extremely important that athletic trainers educate athletes on these issues so they can continue to perform at an optimum level in a safe and healthy manner.
麻黄草药，也被称为麻黄，作为一种有益的补充剂而广受欢迎。其主要活性成分是拟交感神经生物碱麻黄碱，麻黄被宣传为可减少疲劳；提高力量、功率和速度；减少反应时间；并改善身体成分。尽管使用麻黄会引起许多副作用，但它在运动员中的受欢迎程度仍在继续增长。本综述提供了关于麻黄有益声称的基本原理，并将这些声称与经过科学控制的调查数据进行了比较和对比。
从 1970 年到 2000 年，使用关键词麻黄、麻黄和麻黄碱与人类、运动、表现和副作用组合，在 MEDLINE 和 SPORT Discus 上进行了搜索。
麻黄碱单独或与其他药物联合使用作为有效的减肥剂。减肥归因于热原和脂肪分解作用，这些作用与中枢神经系统刺激作用相结合，也导致其被用作有益的辅助剂。然而，大多数科学数据并不支持制造商的有益声称，并且使用麻黄碱会引起许多副作用。因此，必须质疑麻黄作为有益补充剂的安全性和有效性。
结论/建议：似乎使用麻黄的风险远远超过任何可能的有益效果。因此，运动训练员教育运动员了解这些问题非常重要，以便他们能够以安全和健康的方式继续以最佳水平表现。
