Zellner Martina, Bäuml Karl-Heinz
Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2006 Mar;32(2):290-300. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.32.3.290.
In list-method directed forgetting, participants are cued to intentionally forget a previously studied list while remembering a subsequently presented 2nd list. Results from prior research are inconclusive on whether older adults show deficits in this type of task. In 3 experiments, the authors reexamined the issue and compared younger and older adults' responsiveness to the forget cue. Across the experiments, the forget cue was varied within and between participants, the 2 lists were unrelated and related to each other, and recall of the lists was required simultaneously and successively. In none of the 3 experiments did any age-related difference in directed forgetting performance emerge. List-method directed forgetting is assumed to reflect retrieval inhibition. The present results thus challenge the proposal of a general inhibitory deficit in older adults' memory performance.
在列表法定向遗忘中，参与者会收到提示，要故意忘记之前学习的列表，同时记住随后呈现的第二个列表。先前研究的结果对于老年人在这类任务中是否存在缺陷尚无定论。在3个实验中，作者重新审视了这个问题，并比较了年轻人和老年人对遗忘提示的反应。在所有实验中，遗忘提示在参与者内部和之间有所变化，两个列表彼此不相关且相关，并且要求同时和相继回忆这些列表。在这3个实验中，定向遗忘表现均未出现任何与年龄相关的差异。列表法定向遗忘被认为反映了提取抑制。因此，目前的结果挑战了关于老年人记忆表现普遍存在抑制缺陷的观点。
