Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2010 Sep;36(5):1346-54. doi: 10.1037/a0020121.
List-method directed forgetting involves encoding 2 lists, between which half of the participants are told to forget List 1. When participants are free to study however they want, directed forgetting impairs List 1 recall and enhances List 2 recall in the forget group compared with a control remember group. In a large-scale experiment, the current work demonstrated that when item-specific encoding instructions were enforced during learning, directed forgetting impaired List 1 recall, but it did not enhance List 2 recall. This pattern was found regardless of whether encoding was incidental or intentional. Whenever directed forgetting did not enhance List 2 recall, it nevertheless reduced cross-list intrusions. These results indicate that directed forgetting can help differentiate memories from one another, thereby reducing intrusions from irrelevant competing memories.
列表法定向遗忘涉及编码 2 个列表，其中一半参与者被告知忘记列表 1。当参与者可以自由地按照自己的方式学习时，与控制组“记住”组相比，定向遗忘会损害遗忘组对列表 1 的回忆，并增强列表 2 的回忆。在一项大规模实验中，当前的工作表明，当在学习过程中执行特定项目的编码指令时，定向遗忘会损害列表 1 的回忆，但不会增强列表 2 的回忆。无论编码是偶然的还是有意的，都会出现这种模式。只要定向遗忘没有增强列表 2 的回忆，它仍然会减少跨列表的干扰。这些结果表明，定向遗忘可以帮助彼此区分记忆，从而减少无关竞争记忆的干扰。
