Scheffer S, Dauven S, Sieverding M
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin.
Gesundheitswesen. 2006 Mar;68(3):139-46. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-926641.
In 1971 a statutory programme aiming at the early detection of cancer was established in Germany. Since then, acceptance has been low, especially among men. In 2002, 49 % of the women, but only 20 % of the men entitled to screening, took part in the free preventive medical screening. This paper gives an overview of the research done in Germany between 1973 and 2003, examining the associations of sociodemographic factors with participation in cancer screening. All studies show that participation rates increase steadily with age in men, but decrease in elderly women (55 years and older). Participation rates among women are significantly associated with educational level and occupational status. Among men, however, the relationship between socio-economic status and attendance appears to be less pronounced. Since 1971, participation rates have increased much more among women than among men, but, interestingly, the reasons for the gender differences in attendance rates have not been studied until now. Variables which were identified in international studies as predictors of participation, such as physician's recommendation or marital status, should be acknowledged in future research.
1971年，德国设立了一项旨在早期发现癌症的法定项目。从那时起，该项目的接受度一直很低，尤其是在男性中。2002年，有权接受筛查的女性中有49%参加了免费预防性医学筛查，而男性中只有20%。本文概述了1973年至2003年期间德国开展的研究，考察了社会人口因素与癌症筛查参与率之间的关联。所有研究表明，男性的参与率随年龄稳步上升，而老年女性（55岁及以上）的参与率则下降。女性的参与率与教育水平和职业地位显著相关。然而，在男性中，社会经济地位与参与率之间的关系似乎不那么明显。自1971年以来，女性的参与率比男性增长得更多，但有趣的是，迄今为止尚未对参与率性别差异的原因进行研究。在未来的研究中，应考虑国际研究中确定的作为参与率预测因素的变量，如医生的建议或婚姻状况。
