Le Rolle V, Hernandez A I, Richard P Y, Buisson J, Carrault G
Laboratoire de Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Inserm U642, Université de Rennes 1 - Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France.
Acta Biotheor. 2005;53(4):295-312. doi: 10.1007/s10441-005-4881-4.
The study of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) function has shown to provide useful indicators for risk stratification and early detection on a variety of cardiovascular pathologies. However, data gathered during different tests of the ANS are difficult to analyse, mainly due to the complex mechanisms involved in the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system (CVS). Although model-based analysis of ANS data has been already proposed as a way to cope with this complexity, only a few models coupling the main elements involved have been presented in the literature. In this paper, a new model of the CVS, representing the ventricles, the circulatory system and the regulation of the CVS activity by the ANS, is presented. The models of the vascular system and the ventricular activity have been developed using the Bond Graph formalism, as it proposes a unified representation for all energetic domains, facilitating the integration of mechanic and hydraulic phenomena. In order to take into account the electro-mechanical behaviour of both ventricles, an electrophysiologic model of the cardiac action potential, represented by a set of ordinary differential equations, has been integrated. The short-term ANS regulation of heart rate, cardiac contractility and peripheral vasoconstriction is represented by means of continuous transfer functions. These models, represented in different continuous formalisms, are coupled by using a multi-formalism simulation library. Results are presented for two different autonomic tests, namely the Tilt Test and the Valsalva Manoeuvre, by comparing real and simulated signals.
自主神经系统（ANS）功能的研究已表明可为多种心血管疾病的风险分层和早期检测提供有用指标。然而，在ANS不同测试过程中收集的数据难以分析，主要是因为心血管系统（CVS）自主调节涉及复杂机制。尽管基于模型的ANS数据分析已被提议作为应对这种复杂性的一种方法，但文献中仅提出了少数几个耦合主要相关元素的模型。本文提出了一种新的CVS模型，该模型代表心室、循环系统以及ANS对CVS活动的调节。血管系统和心室活动模型是使用键合图形式主义开发的，因为它为所有能量领域提供了统一表示，便于机械和水力现象的整合。为了考虑两个心室的电机械行为，已集成了由一组常微分方程表示的心脏动作电位的电生理模型。心率、心脏收缩力和外周血管收缩的短期ANS调节通过连续传递函数表示。这些以不同连续形式表示的模型通过使用多形式主义仿真库进行耦合。通过比较真实信号和模拟信号，给出了两种不同自主测试（即倾斜试验和瓦尔萨尔瓦动作）的结果。
