Tapp Robyn J, Zimmet Paul Z, Harper C Alex, McCarty Daniel J, Chitson Pierrot, Tonkin Andrew M, Söderberg Stefan, Taylor Hugh R, Alberti K G M M, Tuomilehto Jaakko, Shaw Jonathan E
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006 Sep;73(3):298-303. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.02.009. Epub 2006 Apr 3.
To determine the incidence, progression and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in the multiethnic population of Mauritius.
A longitudinal, population-based study was conducted in Mauritius, during 1987, 1992 and 1998. Participants identified through the study as having diabetes (both known and newly diagnosed, by self-report and oral glucose tolerance test) and one in four participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) underwent complications screening in 1992 and 1998. Retinal photographs were taken using a TRC-50VT retinal camera in three fields of the right eye (centred on the optic disc; macula (temporal to the optic disc); and nasal to disc). Photographs were graded according to a simplified version of the Wisconsin grading system.
The 6-year incidence of diabetic retinopathy was 23.8% (sight-threatening in 0.4%). Among those with known diabetes mellitus (KDM) and free of retinopathy at baseline the incidence of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) was 29.2% and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was 1.0%. Among those with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (NDM) at baseline the incidence of NPDR was 19.1% (no incident cases of PDR were found). Independent risk factors for retinopathy using the baseline population characteristics were duration of diabetes and fasting plasma glucose.
This is one of the few recent population-based studies of diabetic retinopathy undertaken in a developing nation. The incidence of retinopathy in Mauritius was high among those with NDM at baseline, with one in five developing retinopathy over 6 years. These results support the concept that screening for diabetes is important.
确定毛里求斯多民族人群中糖尿病视网膜病变的发病率、进展情况及风险因素。
1987年、1992年和1998年在毛里求斯开展了一项基于人群的纵向研究。通过该研究确定患有糖尿病（包括已知糖尿病患者以及通过自我报告和口服葡萄糖耐量试验新诊断出的患者）的参与者，以及四分之一糖耐量受损（IGT）的参与者在1992年和1998年接受了并发症筛查。使用TRC - 50VT视网膜相机拍摄右眼三个区域（以视盘为中心；黄斑区（视盘颞侧）；视盘鼻侧）的视网膜照片。照片根据威斯康星分级系统的简化版本进行分级。
糖尿病视网膜病变的6年发病率为23.8%（其中威胁视力的占0.4%）。在基线时患有已知糖尿病（KDM）且无视网膜病变的人群中，非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变（NPDR）的发病率为29.2%，增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）的发病率为1.0%。在基线时新诊断出糖尿病（NDM）的人群中，NPDR的发病率为19.1%（未发现PDR的发病病例）。利用基线人群特征分析得出，视网膜病变的独立风险因素为糖尿病病程和空腹血糖。
这是近期在一个发展中国家开展的少数基于人群的糖尿病视网膜病变研究之一。在毛里求斯，基线时患有NDM的人群中视网膜病变的发病率较高，六年间五分之一的患者出现了视网膜病变。这些结果支持了糖尿病筛查很重要这一观点。
