Bogácsi-Szabó Erika, Kalmár Tibor, Csányi Bernadett, Tömöry Gyöngyvér, Czibula Agnes, Priskin Katalin, Horváth Ferenc, Downes Christopher Stephen, Raskó István
Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary.
Hum Biol. 2005 Oct;77(5):639-62.
The Cumanians were originally Asian pastoral nomads who in the 13th century migrated to Hungary. We have examined mitochondrial DNA from members of the earliest Cumanian population in Hungary from two archeologically well-documented excavations and from 74 modern Hungarians from different rural locations in Hungary. Haplogroups were defined based on HVS I sequences and examinations of haplogroup-associated polymorphic sites of the protein coding region and of HVS II. To exclude contamination, some ancient DNA samples were cloned. A database was created from previously published mtDNA HVS I sequences (representing 2,615 individuals from different Asian and European populations) and 74 modem Hungarian sequences from the present study. This database was used to determine the relationships between the ancient Cumanians, modern Hungarians, and Eurasian populations and to estimate the genetic distances between these populations. We attempted to deduce the genetic trace of the migration of Cumanians. This study is the first ancient DNA characterization of an eastern pastoral nomad population that migrated into Europe. The results indicate that, while still possessing a Central Asian steppe culture, the Cumanians received a large admixture of maternal genes from more westerly populations before arriving in Hungary. A similar dilution of genetic, but not cultural, factors may have accompanied the settlement of other Asian nomads in Europe.
库曼人最初是亚洲的游牧民族，在13世纪迁徙到匈牙利。我们从匈牙利最早的库曼人群体成员中，选取了来自两次考古记录完备的发掘中的样本，以及74名来自匈牙利不同乡村地区的现代匈牙利人，对他们的线粒体DNA进行了检测。单倍群是根据高变区I（HVS I）序列以及对蛋白质编码区和高变区II中与单倍群相关的多态性位点的检测来定义的。为了排除污染，一些古代DNA样本进行了克隆。我们根据之前发表的线粒体DNA高变区I序列（代表来自不同亚洲和欧洲人群的2615个人）以及本研究中的74个现代匈牙利序列创建了一个数据库。该数据库用于确定古代库曼人、现代匈牙利人和欧亚人群之间的关系，并估计这些人群之间的遗传距离。我们试图推断出库曼人迁徙的遗传痕迹。这项研究是对迁入欧洲的东部游牧民族群体的首次古代DNA特征分析。结果表明，虽然库曼人仍然保留着中亚草原文化，但在抵达匈牙利之前，他们从更靠西的人群中获得了大量母系基因的混合。在其他亚洲游牧民族在欧洲定居的过程中，可能也伴随着类似的遗传因素（而非文化因素）的稀释。
