Tömöry Gyöngyvér, Csányi Bernadett, Bogácsi-Szabó Erika, Kalmár Tibor, Czibula Agnes, Csosz Aranka, Priskin Katalin, Mende Balázs, Langó Péter, Downes C Stephen, Raskó István
Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2007 Nov;134(3):354-68. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.20677.
The Hungarian language belongs to the Finno-Ugric branch of the Uralic family, but Hungarian speakers have been living in Central Europe for more than 1000 years, surrounded by speakers of unrelated Indo-European languages. In order to study the continuity in maternal lineage between ancient and modern Hungarian populations, polymorphisms in the HVSI and protein coding regions of mitochondrial DNA sequences of 27 ancient samples (10th-11th centuries), 101 modern Hungarian, and 76 modern Hungarian-speaking Sekler samples from Transylvania were analyzed. The data were compared with sequences derived from 57 European and Asian populations, including Finno-Ugric populations, and statistical analyses were performed to investigate their genetic relationships. Only 2 of 27 ancient Hungarian samples are unambiguously Asian: the rest belong to one of the western Eurasian haplogroups, but some Asian affinities, and the genetic effect of populations who came into contact with ancient Hungarians during their migrations are seen. Strong differences appear when the ancient Hungarian samples are analyzed according to apparent social status, as judged by grave goods. Commoners show a predominance of mtDNA haplotypes and haplogroups (H, R, T), common in west Eurasia, while high-status individuals, presumably conquering Hungarians, show a more heterogeneous haplogroup distribution, with haplogroups (N1a, X) which are present at very low frequencies in modern worldwide populations and are absent in recent Hungarian and Sekler populations. Modern Hungarian-speaking populations seem to be specifically European. Our findings demonstrate that significant genetic differences exist between the ancient and recent Hungarian-speaking populations, and no genetic continuity is seen.
匈牙利语属于乌拉尔语系的芬兰-乌戈尔语族分支，但说匈牙利语的人已经在中欧生活了1000多年，周围都是说不同语系印欧语的人。为了研究古代和现代匈牙利人群母系血统的连续性，分析了27个古代样本（10至11世纪）、101名现代匈牙利人以及来自特兰西瓦尼亚的76名说匈牙利语的塞克勒人的线粒体DNA序列高变区I（HVSI）和蛋白质编码区的多态性。将这些数据与来自57个欧洲和亚洲人群（包括芬兰-乌戈尔人群）的序列进行比较，并进行统计分析以研究它们的遗传关系。27个古代匈牙利样本中只有2个明确来自亚洲：其余的属于西部欧亚单倍群之一，但可以看到一些亚洲亲缘关系以及古代匈牙利人在迁徙过程中接触过的人群的遗传影响。根据随葬品判断，按明显的社会地位对古代匈牙利样本进行分析时，出现了强烈差异。平民中mtDNA单倍型和单倍群（H、R、T）占主导，这些在西部欧亚很常见，而地位高的个体，大概是征服匈牙利的人，单倍群分布更为多样，包括现代全球人群中频率极低且近期匈牙利人和塞克勒人群中不存在的单倍群（N1a、X）。说匈牙利语的现代人群似乎具有独特的欧洲特征。我们的研究结果表明，古代和近期说匈牙利语的人群之间存在显著的遗传差异，没有发现遗传连续性。
