Meltzer Eli O
Allergy and Asthma Medical Group and Research Center, San Diego, California 92123, USA.
Allergy Asthma Proc. 2006 Jan-Feb;27(1):2-8.
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common chronic disease in the pediatric population and its prevalence is increasing. AR can significantly impact a child's health. It causes uncomfortable symptoms, impairs quality of life, and can predispose to the development of comorbidities such as asthma. Although allergen avoidance is the first step in AR management, it often is impractical. Fortunately, there are a number of pharmacologic agents available for the treatment of AR. When choosing a medication, attention should be paid to the substance's risk/benefit ratio. First-line therapy consists of second-generation antihistamines, which lack many of the unwanted side effects caused by first-generation compounds, and intranasal corticosteroids, which are the preferred agents for children with persistent symptoms. Other pharmacologic options include decongestants, leukotriene-receptor antagonists, and intranasal cromolyn sodium. Allergen immunotherapy can be a valuable adjunctive modality. Issues of compliance and convenience also are important considerations.
变应性鼻炎（AR）是儿科人群中最常见的慢性疾病，其患病率正在上升。AR会对儿童健康产生重大影响。它会引起不适症状，损害生活质量，并可能引发如哮喘等合并症。虽然避免接触过敏原是AR管理的第一步，但这通常不切实际。幸运的是，有许多药物可用于治疗AR。选择药物时，应关注药物的风险/效益比。一线治疗包括第二代抗组胺药（其缺乏第一代化合物引起的许多不良副作用）和鼻内用糖皮质激素（这是有持续性症状儿童的首选药物）。其他药物选择包括减充血剂、白三烯受体拮抗剂和鼻内用色甘酸钠。变应原免疫疗法可以是一种有价值的辅助治疗方式。依从性和便利性问题也是重要的考虑因素。
