Madani Tariq A
Ministry of Health, Riyadh, and Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Mar;101(3):278-83. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.12.003. Epub 2006 Apr 5.
Since 1990, the national strategy to eliminate hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Saudi Arabia has included universal administration of HBV vaccine to all infants. From 1990 to 1995 this vaccine was also routinely administered to children at school entry. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among children before this programme was reported to be 6.7%. The objective of this study was to describe the trend in incidence of HBV infection over a decade of surveillance following the introduction of this programme. From January 1990 to December 1999 a total of 30,784 cases of HBV infection (positive for HBsAg) were reported. The total number of HBV infections among children <15 years of age was 4180 cases, with a prevalence of 0.05%. The total number of HBV infections among adults was 26,604 cases, with a prevalence of 0.22%. The prevalence varied by region, ranging from 0.03% to 0.72% with a mean prevalence of 0.15%. There was a clear decline in incidence among children whereas the incidence in adults slightly rose, perhaps owing to population growth estimated to be 3.3% annually. This study showed that the universal childhood HBV vaccination programme had an enormous positive impact on HBsAg seroprevalence among children in Saudi Arabia.
自1990年以来，沙特阿拉伯消除乙肝病毒（HBV）感染的国家战略包括对所有婴儿普遍接种乙肝疫苗。1990年至1995年期间，该疫苗也常规接种于入学儿童。据报道，在该计划实施前，儿童中乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）的流行率为6.7%。本研究的目的是描述该计划实施后十年监测期间HBV感染发病率的趋势。1990年1月至1999年12月，共报告了30784例HBV感染病例（HBsAg呈阳性）。15岁以下儿童的HBV感染总数为4180例，流行率为0.05%。成人的HBV感染总数为26604例，流行率为0.22%。流行率因地区而异，范围从0.03%至0.72%，平均流行率为0.15%。儿童中的发病率明显下降，而成人的发病率略有上升，这可能是由于估计每年人口增长率为3.3%。本研究表明，沙特阿拉伯的儿童普遍接种乙肝疫苗计划对儿童中的HBsAg血清流行率产生了巨大的积极影响。
